英语翻译《德伯家的苔丝》描绘了一个纯洁女人的悲剧性毁灭.哈代在小说的副标题中称女主人公为“一个纯洁的女人”,公开地向维多

《德伯家的苔丝》描绘了一个纯洁女人的悲剧性毁灭.哈代在小说的副标题中称女主人公为“一个纯洁的女人”,公开地向维多利亚时代虚伪的社会道德挑战.女主人公苔丝是一个勤劳善良、美丽纯朴的农家姑娘,同时在她身上又有着可贵的坚强、自尊和大胆反抗厄运的品格,为了摆脱穷困,她的母亲打发她去有钱的“本家”亚雷家做工,结果遭到亚雷的蹂躏,失去了“清白”.此时的她不仅要面对生活的贫困,还要抵御“道德”的压力.她来到牛奶场当女工和来自城里的具有“自由思想”的安玑•克莱尔真心相爱了.新婚之夜,苔丝为了忠实自己的丈夫,向克莱尔讲述了自己以往的“过失”.表现了很高的道德的勇气.当丈夫不能谅解,幸福已经破灭时,她又忍住痛苦.咬紧牙关,毅然地独立谋生.在对待亚雷的态度上,苔丝也充分体现了自己的价格尊严.亚雷百般引诱,她不为之所动,并明确表示厌恶.最后,她在忍无可忍的情况下,杀死这个毁了她一生的仇人.这一切也导致了苔丝悲剧性的一生.并让她最终走向了毁灭.《德伯家的苔丝》的悲剧性因素是深刻而又复杂的.本文从社会、家庭、性格几个方面讨论了苔丝命运悲剧发生原因,指出苔丝命运的悲惨结局是必然的.

1、社会因素

1.1 苔丝的毁灭与伪善的宗教紧密相连.
亚雷这个伪善的人物揭露了伪善的宗教.他是依靠商业致富的资产者和暴发户,是一个“肉欲的人”.他设下圈套引诱了苔丝,却利用《圣经》的典故把责任推到苔丝身上.后来他还居然变成了一个劝人行善的牧师.可见,在资本主义社会,宗教只是反动统治阶级麻醉、欺骗和愚弄劳动人民的一种工具.宗教为资产阶级凌辱和玷污妇女提供了理论上的依据.

1.2 不公正的法律制度也是导致苔丝悲剧的一个因素.
在资本主义社会里,法律制度都是以维护剥削阶级的利益和承认剥削阶级压迫人民的权力为前提的,是为维护其反动统治服务的.亚雷在乡野称霸,为非作歹,却受到法律的保护,而苔丝却被判处死刑.这正说明了资产阶级政治制度的反动性,表明下层阶级的小人物在社会中是不可能得到公正待遇的.

1.3 苔丝也是资产阶级虚伪道德的牺牲品.
作品中克莱尔就是资产阶级虚伪道德的体现者,他虽然是个有开明思想的知识分子,但他心理深层有一种根深蒂固的传统伦理道德观念.他自己也有过放荡行为,并得到苔丝的原谅,但他却不肯原谅原本无辜的苔丝.资产阶级的印记仍深深地烙在他的灵魂深处：认为“身份不一样,道德观念也不一样.“他还用传统的贞操观来看待一个女人的纯结与否,对苔丝没有丝毫的同情.置苔丝于痛苦绝望之中,使苔丝又被迫回到亚雷的身边.克莱尔身上所体现出来的虚伪的资产阶级道德把苔丝推向了悲剧的深渊.
"Tess of the D'Urbervilles," depicts the tragic destruction of a pure woman. Hardy said the subtitle in the novel the heroine as "a pure woman", openly hypocritical Victorian society to the ethical challenge. Heroine Tess is a hard-working good, the beautiful simplicity of the peasant girl, while her firm also has a valuable, self-esteem and bold against the ill-fated character, in order to get rid of poverty, her mother sent her to the wealthy "capitalists" Asian Ray at home to work, the results have been the ravages of Yalei lost the "innocent." At this time, she not only face life of poverty, but also against the "moral" pressure. When she came to dairy workers and from the city has a "free thinking" in an irregular pearl • Clare really love the. On the wedding night, Tess order to be faithful to her husband, to Claire about his past "mistakes." The performance of a high moral courage. When the husband could not understand well-being has been shattered, she has refrained from pain. Teeth, resolutely to make a living independently. Attitude in dealing with Alejandro, Tess also fully reflects the price of their dignity. Yalei every possible inducement, she was not moved by the move, and clearly expressed disgust. Finally, she no longer tolerate the situation, killing the enemy of her life ruined. All this has led to Tess's tragic life. And let her finally go to ruin. "Tess of the D'Urbervilles," the tragic element is a deep and complex. In this paper, social, family, character, Tess discussed several aspects of the fate of the reasons for the tragedy that the fate of Tess's tragic outcome is inevitable.
   
   1, social factors
   
   1.1 Tess's destruction and the hypocrisy of religion are closely linked.
   Alejandro The figures revealed the hypocrisy of religious hypocrisy. He is relying on business to get rich and the nouveau riche of assets is a "sensual man." He set a trap to lure the Tess, but the use of "Bible" allusions to lay the blame Tess body. Later, he also urges people to do good actually became a priest. Can be seen that in a capitalist society, religion is only the reactionary ruling classes of narcotic, fraud and a tool to fool the working people. Religion bourgeois women abuse and tarnished a theoretical basis.
   
   1.2 unjust legal system is also a factor leading to the tragedy of Tess.
   In capitalist society, the legal system are to protect the interests of the exploiting classes and the recognition of the power of the exploiting class oppression of the people of the premise is to protect their reactionary rule of service. Alejandro hegemony in the countryside by doing evil deeds, but protected by law, but Tess been sentenced to death. This is shows the reactionary nature of bourgeois political system, indicating that the lower classes of ordinary people in society can not get a fair treatment.
   
   1.3 Tess is also a victim of the moral hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie.
   Claire works is the embodiment of moral hypocrisy of the bourgeoisie, although he was a liberal intellectuals, but he had a deep-rooted psychological depth of traditional morals. He himself had debauchery and get Tess's forgiveness, but he refused to forgive the original innocent Tess. The imprint of the bourgeoisie are still seared deeply into the depths of his soul: that "status is not the same moral values are not the same." He also used the traditional concept of chastity to look at a woman's pure knot or not, there is no right Tess the slightest sympathy. Purchase Tess was painful despair, so that Tess was forced back to Alejandro's side. Claire who embodied the hypocrisy of bourgeois morality out of Tess pushed into the abyss of the tragedy.