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摩洛哥的国家概况和农业政策的英文介绍,兄弟姐妹门,帮帮忙啊
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Morocco,officially the Kingdom of Morocco,[5] is a country located in North Africa with a population of nearly 32 million and an area just under 447,000 square kilometres (173,000 sq mi).Its capital is Rabat,and its largest city is Casablanca.Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea.It is bordered by Algeria to the east,Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish enclaves,Ceuta,Melilla,and Peñ贸n de V茅lez de la Gomera),and Mauritania to the south via its Western Saharan territories.[6]
Morocco is the only country in Africa that is not currently a member of the African Union and it has shown no interest in joining.However,it is a member of the Arab League,Arab Maghreb Union,Francophonie,Organisation of the Islamic Conference,Mediterranean Dialogue group,and Group of 77.It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States.
Agriculture in Morocco employs about 40% of the nations workforce.And thus,is the largest employer in the country.In the rainy sections of the northeast,barley,wheat,and other cereals can be raised without irrigation.On the Atlantic coast,where there are extensive plains,olives,citrus fruits,and wine grapes are grown,largely with water supplied by artesian wells.Morocco also produces a significant amount of illicit hashish,much of which is shipped to Western Europe.Livestock are raised and forests yield cork,cabinet wood,and building materials.Part of the maritime population fishes for its livelihood.Agadir,Essaouira,El Jadida,and Larache are among the important fishing harbors.[1]
Moroccan agricultural production also consists of orange,tomatoes,potatoes,olives,and olive oil.High quality agricultural products are usually exported to Europe.Morocco produces enough food for domestic consumption except for grains,sugar,coffee and tea.More than 40% of Morocco's consumption of grains and flour is imported from the United States and France.
Agriculture industry in Morocco enjoys a complete tax exemption.Many Moroccan critics say that rich farmers and large agricultural companies are taking too much benefit of not paying the taxes,and that poor farmers are struggling with high costs and are getting very poor support from the state.
Land
Morocco is endowed with numerous exploitable resources.With approximately 33,000 square miles (85,000 square km) of arable land (one-seventh of which can be irrigated) and its generally temperate Mediterranean climate,Morocco鈥檚 agricultural potential is matched by few other Arab or African countries.It is one of the few Arab countries that has the potential to achieve self-sufficiency in food production.In a normal year Morocco produces two-thirds of the grains (chiefly wheat,barley,and corn [maize]) needed for domestic consumption.The country exports citrus fruits and early vegetables to the European market; its wine industry is developed,and production of commercial crops (cotton,sugarcane,sugar beets,and sunflowers) is expanding.Newer crops such as tea,tobacco,and soybeans have passed the experimental stage,the fertile Gharb plain being favourable for their cultivation.The country is actively developing its irrigation potential that ultimately will irrigate more than 2.5 million acres (1 million hectares).
[edit] Drought
Nevertheless,the danger of drought is ever present.Especially at risk are the cereal-growing lowlands,which are subject to considerable variation in annual precipitation.On average,drought occurs in Morocco every third year,creating a volatility in agricultural production that is the main constraint on expansion in the sector.
[edit] Hashish
HashishMorocco is the world's largest exporter of hashish,a form of Cannabis[citation needed].According to the World Customs Organization,Morocco supplies 70 percent of the European hashish market.Although statistics vary widely,hashish production is estimated to be 2,000 metric tons per year,with up to 85,000 hectares devoted to cannabis production,with a market value of $2 billion.In the mid-1990s,due to record rainfalls following drought years,European experts reported that the area under cultivation for cannabis increased by almost 10 percent (the average hectare of cannabis produces two to eight metric tons of raw plant).The rains of late 1995 and 1996 were a blessing for Morocco,ending a multi-year drought.Those same rains were also a boon to the drug trade.In Tangier,this meant more jobs in the drug trade for those who could find no other work,particularly as the agricultural trade dried up with the drought.Today,the drug trade continues to grow,with areas used for cultivation spreading beyond the traditional growing areas of the central Rif to the west and south in provinces including Chefchaouen,Larache and Taounate.This growth continues despite a well-publicized campaign in 1990s to eradicate drug trafficking.[2]
[edit] Anti-drug policy of Morocco
The Moroccan government's anti-drug "cleansing" campaign of the mid-1990s is instructive for both its pronounced inability to deter the drug trade's growth and what it revealed about the size and scope of the drug business.Growing drugs was briefly made legal under the French Protectorate,but was declared illegal in 1956,the year of Moroccan independence.As European tourism and drug markets expanded in the 1960s and 1970s,a huge underground market for drugs developed,which was not only allowed by government officials,but encouraged.[2]
[edit] Livestock
Livestock raising,particularly sheep and cattle,is widespread.Morocco fills its own meat requirements and is also attempting to become self-sufficient in dairy products.
[edit] Forests
Morocco鈥檚 forests,which cover about one-tenth of its total land area (excluding Western Sahara),have substantial commercial value.Morocco satisfies much of its timber needs by harvesting the high-elevation forests in the Middle and High Atlas.Its eucalyptus plantations enable it to be self-sufficient in charcoal,which is used extensively for cooking fuel.Eucalyptus also provides the raw material needed for the country鈥檚 paper and cellulose industries.Paper pulp is a valuable export as is cork from the country鈥檚 plentiful cork oak forests.
[edit] Fishing
The fishing grounds in the Canary Current off Morocco鈥檚 west coast are exceptionally rich in sardines,bonito,and tuna,but the country lacks the modern fleets and processing facilities to benefit fully from these marine resources.An important part of a major trade agreement Morocco concluded with the European Union (EU) in 1996 concerned fishing rights,by which the EU pays Morocco an annual fee to allow vessels (mainly Spanish) to fish Moroccan waters.
杩欐槸鎴戜粠en.wikipedia涓婃壘鐨勬潗鏂?
Morocco is the only country in Africa that is not currently a member of the African Union and it has shown no interest in joining.However,it is a member of the Arab League,Arab Maghreb Union,Francophonie,Organisation of the Islamic Conference,Mediterranean Dialogue group,and Group of 77.It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States.
Agriculture in Morocco employs about 40% of the nations workforce.And thus,is the largest employer in the country.In the rainy sections of the northeast,barley,wheat,and other cereals can be raised without irrigation.On the Atlantic coast,where there are extensive plains,olives,citrus fruits,and wine grapes are grown,largely with water supplied by artesian wells.Morocco also produces a significant amount of illicit hashish,much of which is shipped to Western Europe.Livestock are raised and forests yield cork,cabinet wood,and building materials.Part of the maritime population fishes for its livelihood.Agadir,Essaouira,El Jadida,and Larache are among the important fishing harbors.[1]
Moroccan agricultural production also consists of orange,tomatoes,potatoes,olives,and olive oil.High quality agricultural products are usually exported to Europe.Morocco produces enough food for domestic consumption except for grains,sugar,coffee and tea.More than 40% of Morocco's consumption of grains and flour is imported from the United States and France.
Agriculture industry in Morocco enjoys a complete tax exemption.Many Moroccan critics say that rich farmers and large agricultural companies are taking too much benefit of not paying the taxes,and that poor farmers are struggling with high costs and are getting very poor support from the state.
Land
Morocco is endowed with numerous exploitable resources.With approximately 33,000 square miles (85,000 square km) of arable land (one-seventh of which can be irrigated) and its generally temperate Mediterranean climate,Morocco鈥檚 agricultural potential is matched by few other Arab or African countries.It is one of the few Arab countries that has the potential to achieve self-sufficiency in food production.In a normal year Morocco produces two-thirds of the grains (chiefly wheat,barley,and corn [maize]) needed for domestic consumption.The country exports citrus fruits and early vegetables to the European market; its wine industry is developed,and production of commercial crops (cotton,sugarcane,sugar beets,and sunflowers) is expanding.Newer crops such as tea,tobacco,and soybeans have passed the experimental stage,the fertile Gharb plain being favourable for their cultivation.The country is actively developing its irrigation potential that ultimately will irrigate more than 2.5 million acres (1 million hectares).
[edit] Drought
Nevertheless,the danger of drought is ever present.Especially at risk are the cereal-growing lowlands,which are subject to considerable variation in annual precipitation.On average,drought occurs in Morocco every third year,creating a volatility in agricultural production that is the main constraint on expansion in the sector.
[edit] Hashish
HashishMorocco is the world's largest exporter of hashish,a form of Cannabis[citation needed].According to the World Customs Organization,Morocco supplies 70 percent of the European hashish market.Although statistics vary widely,hashish production is estimated to be 2,000 metric tons per year,with up to 85,000 hectares devoted to cannabis production,with a market value of $2 billion.In the mid-1990s,due to record rainfalls following drought years,European experts reported that the area under cultivation for cannabis increased by almost 10 percent (the average hectare of cannabis produces two to eight metric tons of raw plant).The rains of late 1995 and 1996 were a blessing for Morocco,ending a multi-year drought.Those same rains were also a boon to the drug trade.In Tangier,this meant more jobs in the drug trade for those who could find no other work,particularly as the agricultural trade dried up with the drought.Today,the drug trade continues to grow,with areas used for cultivation spreading beyond the traditional growing areas of the central Rif to the west and south in provinces including Chefchaouen,Larache and Taounate.This growth continues despite a well-publicized campaign in 1990s to eradicate drug trafficking.[2]
[edit] Anti-drug policy of Morocco
The Moroccan government's anti-drug "cleansing" campaign of the mid-1990s is instructive for both its pronounced inability to deter the drug trade's growth and what it revealed about the size and scope of the drug business.Growing drugs was briefly made legal under the French Protectorate,but was declared illegal in 1956,the year of Moroccan independence.As European tourism and drug markets expanded in the 1960s and 1970s,a huge underground market for drugs developed,which was not only allowed by government officials,but encouraged.[2]
[edit] Livestock
Livestock raising,particularly sheep and cattle,is widespread.Morocco fills its own meat requirements and is also attempting to become self-sufficient in dairy products.
[edit] Forests
Morocco鈥檚 forests,which cover about one-tenth of its total land area (excluding Western Sahara),have substantial commercial value.Morocco satisfies much of its timber needs by harvesting the high-elevation forests in the Middle and High Atlas.Its eucalyptus plantations enable it to be self-sufficient in charcoal,which is used extensively for cooking fuel.Eucalyptus also provides the raw material needed for the country鈥檚 paper and cellulose industries.Paper pulp is a valuable export as is cork from the country鈥檚 plentiful cork oak forests.
[edit] Fishing
The fishing grounds in the Canary Current off Morocco鈥檚 west coast are exceptionally rich in sardines,bonito,and tuna,but the country lacks the modern fleets and processing facilities to benefit fully from these marine resources.An important part of a major trade agreement Morocco concluded with the European Union (EU) in 1996 concerned fishing rights,by which the EU pays Morocco an annual fee to allow vessels (mainly Spanish) to fish Moroccan waters.
杩欐槸鎴戜粠en.wikipedia涓婃壘鐨勬潗鏂?
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