知识建构：
简单句：只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子,称作简单句.
简单句的基本句型：简单句有以下5种基本句型.
1． 主语+ 不及物动词
例：It is raining heavily.
My tooth aches.
2． 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
例：They enjoy the play.
I met John in the street yesterday.
3． 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
例：He is out.
Jenny is fine.
It looks like rain, soon.
4 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语
例：He bought her a watch.
The sun gives us light.
注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语）,另一个指物（即直接宾语）.一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面,有时它们也可交换位置,这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to 或for .
常见的双宾语结构：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.)
hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb)
lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)
return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)
show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )
write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )
do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )
make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)
sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )
5． 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 补足语
例：She found him a very clever student.
I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.
注意：当宾语意思表达不完整时,需要用不足与补充说明宾语的状态、性质等.用作宾语补足语的通常有名词、形容词、动词不定式等.当谓语动词为see, hear , watch, feel 等感官动词或者let, have , make 等使役动词时,如果不定式作宾语补足语,必须省略to.
