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THE ROLE OF PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES
I.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CANADIAN AND UNITED STATES CONSUMER ADVOCACY LEGAL SYSTEMS
The type of consumer advocacy found in any jurisdiction is a function of a complex set of factors unique to that jurisdiction.Even the Canadian experience varies significantly from province to province.However,to the extent that one can generalize at the national level,including the civil law system in the Province of Quebec,this article will attempt to outline the key differences in consumer litigation between Canada and the United States.
The first and,perhaps,the most important factor,is what economists refer to as economies of scale.Since most consumer litigation is financed by consumer groups,the relative size and wealth of these groups is important when comparing consumer litigation between the two countries.
The United States has a population of approximately two hundred and seventy million persons,and Canada approximately ten percent of that.If one-half of one percent of the United States' population contributed financially to a consumer group,that would be approximately 1.3 million people.In Canada,that would translate to only 130,000 people.Assume equal per capita contributions.The United States is capable of supporting a magazine of the quality of Consumers' Reports,with its expensive tests of consumer durables,(e.g.cars),and Consumers' Union,which can maintain a substantial law office in Washington.By comparison,the only Canadian consumer group of any size,the Consumer's Association of Canada (CAC),has a magazine printed on cheap paper,and a testing program which can barely afford to pay for testing household cleansers,bicycles,and inexpensive toys.The Canadian federal government has rescued CAC twice from bankruptcy due to losses incurred by the magazine.The CAC used to have one or two full-time lawyers at its head office in Ottawa,supported entirely by government grants.However,because of financial problems,the CAC legal program has now been discontinued.Economies of scale in Canada prevent consumer groups from funding any significant litigation in the courts because they simply do not have the money.
求这篇英文的中文翻译
THE ROLE OF PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION AND OTHER ALTERNATIVES
I.MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CANADIAN AND UNITED STATES CONSUMER ADVOCACY LEGAL SYSTEMS
The type of consumer advocacy found in any jurisdiction is a function of a complex set of factors unique to that jurisdiction.Even the Canadian experience varies significantly from province to province.However,to the extent that one can generalize at the national level,including the civil law system in the Province of Quebec,this article will attempt to outline the key differences in consumer litigation between Canada and the United States.
The first and,perhaps,the most important factor,is what economists refer to as economies of scale.Since most consumer litigation is financed by consumer groups,the relative size and wealth of these groups is important when comparing consumer litigation between the two countries.
The United States has a population of approximately two hundred and seventy million persons,and Canada approximately ten percent of that.If one-half of one percent of the United States' population contributed financially to a consumer group,that would be approximately 1.3 million people.In Canada,that would translate to only 130,000 people.Assume equal per capita contributions.The United States is capable of supporting a magazine of the quality of Consumers' Reports,with its expensive tests of consumer durables,(e.g.cars),and Consumers' Union,which can maintain a substantial law office in Washington.By comparison,the only Canadian consumer group of any size,the Consumer's Association of Canada (CAC),has a magazine printed on cheap paper,and a testing program which can barely afford to pay for testing household cleansers,bicycles,and inexpensive toys.The Canadian federal government has rescued CAC twice from bankruptcy due to losses incurred by the magazine.The CAC used to have one or two full-time lawyers at its head office in Ottawa,supported entirely by government grants.However,because of financial problems,the CAC legal program has now been discontinued.Economies of scale in Canada prevent consumer groups from funding any significant litigation in the courts because they simply do not have the money.
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