问题描述：
现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态到底有何分别?
比如说 I have worked in the firm for 40 years,and I have the right to come up
with a plan absolutely.
I have beening working in the firm for 40 years,and I want to get more salary.
这两个句子有语法问题吗?那么现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态又有什么区别呢?
忽略拼错的单词
work不是持续性的是瞬间动词，别闹笑话了，真正对语法有研究的进入。
比如说 I have worked in the firm for 40 years,and I have the right to come up
with a plan absolutely.
I have beening working in the firm for 40 years,and I want to get more salary.
这两个句子有语法问题吗?那么现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态又有什么区别呢?
忽略拼错的单词
work不是持续性的是瞬间动词，别闹笑话了，真正对语法有研究的进入。
问题解答：
我来补答
外语教学论文（二）现在完成时态与现在完成进行时态的(2010-02-25 10:09:50)转载标签： 时态presentperfectandcontinuous教育 分类： 外语学习心理及翻译
现在完成时态与现在完成进行时态的区分、举例和分析
摘要：本文将针对现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态的时间意义、各自的用法分别用示例进行对比、分析.重点是两者在相同或类似的句子中的区别,以及两者在同一交际场景下的不同意义进行比较.
关键词：现在完成时态,现在完成进行时态,区分,分析
中国分类号 H3 文献标识号：A
我们先看一道高考题NMET1998, 24
--- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
试题最佳答案是C.
现在完成时态是“现在时态与过去时态的一种混合时态,它总是与现在有密切联系.”（牛津实用英语语法 p256）从动作发生的时间来看,一般过去时态与现在完成时态所表示的动作是没有区别的.如：
(1) I covered all the issues listed by Professor Wang last week.
王教授上周列出的问题我已经看过了.（或译为：王教授列出的问题上周我已经看过了.）
(2) I have already covered all the issues listed by Professor Wang.
我已经看完了王教授列出的问题.
两个covered的动作完全可以发生在过去的同一时间,差别只是在于,讲第一句话的人的强调重点是描述covered这个动作发生的过程、时间、当时的情形等等；而说第二句话的人希望强调的是covered的动作做完后给人带来的结果.
现在完成时态可以表示：
一． 时间未指明、不确定的过去动作
(3) I have interviewed eight interviewees, much quicker than scheduled.
我已经面试完了八个人,比原计划快多了.
有时在交际过程中,单单交代一个“时间未指明、不确定的过去动作”所带来的结果还不能完全满足交际的需求,这时候就需要对动作的当时执行情况加以描述.如例：
(4) --- Have you consulted the directors about the present situation of electricity shortage?
---Yes, (I have.) Director Zhang and I talked over this last Saturday.
---你和主任们讨论过近来电力短缺的问题了吗?
---是啊,上周六我和王主任讨论了.
这样,现在完成时态往往就会与一般过去时态交织在一起,来满足交际的需要.
二．表示早一点的过去发生的动作,这个动作有可能现在还在重复
(5) The famous scriptwriter has written strongly for citizen life improvements.
这位著名的撰稿人一直以来为民生改善的问题执笔呐喊.
这句话的意思是“如果你现在去看,你还可以看到这位撰稿人在这么做.”如果这位著名的撰稿人已不这么做了,或者该人士已去世了,即,该动作不存在重复性,我们就要说
(6) The famous scriptwriter wrote strongly for citizen life improvements.
这位著名的撰稿人曾为民生改善的问题执笔呐喊.
三．表示近段不确定时间内一次或重复性的动作和状态
(7) I’ve been busy lately.
(8) Ryan has rung three times this morning. (acceptable when the time this speaker speaks is before noon)
上午这会儿Ryan已经打了三次电话了.
(9) Ryan rang three times this morning. (acceptable when it is in the afternoon or evening.)
今天上午的时候,Ryan打过三次电话.
现在完成进行时态可以表示：
一． 一个过去开始,现在仍在继续,或者刚刚结束的动作
(10) I’ve been waiting for an hour and the secretary says that I have to wait one more hour.
(11) I have been thinking it over.
例句(10) 表明的动作是 I waited, I am waiting and I will have to wait.
例句(11) 表明的动作是 I thought about it and I am still thinking. 或 I thought about it and now I have come to a conclusion.
我一直在考虑这个问题.（可能还有再考虑,也可能刚刚考虑好,已经有了结果.）
二． 经常重复的动作
(12) Justin has been calling Marie every night for the last week.
Justin在过去的这一周里每天晚上都要给Marie打电话.（可能还要接着打）
对比：
(13) Justin has called Marie seven times for the past week.
Justin在过去的这一周里给Marie打过七次电话.（带有总结的性质,表示已完成的动作或状态,不强调接着打的可能性）
(14) I’ve been wanting a newly-edited copy of this dictionary.
我一直以来就想要一本这个辞典的新版本.（此句与I’ve wanted a newly-edited copy of this dictionary 无甚区别）
从现在完成进行时态的动作特征来分析,我们可以得知现在完成进行时与现在进行时的动作有意义上的相通之处.如例：
(16) I have been working in the department store. (该动作可能是刚刚结束,也可能是一直在做,但总之是描述这一段时间内的动作.)
(17) I am just helping out recently in the department store, but I don’t really work here. (描述近一段时间以来的一个重复的动作,或者是一个持续性的动作)
现在完成进行时态与现在完成时态的区别
现在完成进行时可以与时间状语连用,也可以不用,这一点使之有别于现在完成时态.后者往往要与时间状语since September,ever since,for three months连用,如果没有这些时间状语,现在完成时态表示的往往是已完成的动作或状态；或者现在完成时态要与副词just,already,yet等等连用.而现在完成进行时往往与all the (this) morning/ afternoon/ day/ month,或the whole day, etc连用.试对比以下各例：
(18) I have been working on the experiment report this morning, but I haven’t completed it yet.
我今天一上午就忙着写试验报告了,可是到现在也没写完.
(19) They have been repairing the broken road.
他们一直在维修那条破路.（可能是刚歇息下来,也可能还在修.）
(20) They have already repaired the broken road.
他们把路修完了.（动作已然结束.）
现在完成进行时态表示的是一种不间断的持续行为.但是如果一个动作是重复在做,或者要表示动作做过的次数时,是不可以使用现在完成进行时态的.如下例：
(21) I’ve been writing letters since breakfast.
(22) I’ve written to him three times, but I haven’t heard from him up till now.
就如同说I am writing 的动作是不能连用twice 或three times 一样.
(23) He has called on his cousin many times, but each time he happened to be out.
在交际过程中,这两个时态的混用也是常见的.但是在一定的语言环境下,两者的区分也是十分明确的.为了凸现两者的不同,我们呈现给大家一些场景,请大家认真对比：
(24) (When the teacher questioned some student)
---Why haven’t you turned in your report yet?
---I have been reading the results of the experiment all morning. You have told us to
study the statistics before working on the report.
---怎么还没有交上你的报告呀?
---一上午我净在读实验结果了.您告诉我们要先研究数据再写报告的.
此句中的have been reading 如改为have read 则荒谬之极.实际上,I have been reading it的动作距离I am reading it还较远,与I was reading it, I would be reading it if I were not talking to you and I will be reading it.意义更为接近.
(25) ---How about going out for a walk?
---I don’t feel like going out this evening. I’ve been working in the garden all day.
如果使用have worked表示的是work 这个动作给garden带来的结果.
(26) ---Look out for the door.
---Why?
---John has been painting the door.
(In this situation, mostly the paint is still wet. 如果使用John has painted the door.往往表示“活已干完,焕然一新”等等之意)
(27) Please excuse my dirty clothes. I’ve been cleaning out the garden shed.
(28) I have cleaned the garden shed. And now it is fit to store things in.
注意这两句时态的不同,语境的上下文衔接也不同.
(29) ---What have you done with my knife? (你把我的刀怎么啦?意为Where is it now?)
---I put it back where it was.
(30) ---What have you been doing to it? (你是怎么用我的刀的?意为The blade’s all twisted. Have you been sawing wood with it?)
经过上述讨论,参照示例（16）、（25）、（27）,高考题NMET1998, 24的答案也就清楚了.
我们的结论是：现在完成时态与现在完成进行时态有些情况下差异不大,也可以混用,但是在一定语言环境下,两者还是有一定的区分.而这些语言环境下两者的异同是大家要把握的重点.
〔1〕L. G. Alexander,朗文英语语法,〔M〕外语教学与研究出版社 (1991.1 first edition)
〔2〕A J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet,牛津实用英语语法 (Third Edition),〔M〕,外语教学与研究出版社/ 牛津大学出版社,1986
〔3〕A. S. 荷恩毕,英语句型和惯用法,〔M〕,商务印书馆,1981
A Comparison Between Present Perfect Tense And Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Abstract: It deals with the verb tenses, especially on present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense, with a thorough analysis on their conditions under which to appear. Out of necessity, explanations go with each situation. Under certain situations, the two tenses are definitely different from each other. Under some others, they are the same or similar, though.
Key words: comparison；present perfect tense；present perfect continuous tense
发表在《中小学外语教学》2005年2月号
现在完成时态与现在完成进行时态的区分、举例和分析
摘要：本文将针对现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态的时间意义、各自的用法分别用示例进行对比、分析.重点是两者在相同或类似的句子中的区别,以及两者在同一交际场景下的不同意义进行比较.
关键词：现在完成时态,现在完成进行时态,区分,分析
中国分类号 H3 文献标识号：A
我们先看一道高考题NMET1998, 24
--- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
试题最佳答案是C.
现在完成时态是“现在时态与过去时态的一种混合时态,它总是与现在有密切联系.”（牛津实用英语语法 p256）从动作发生的时间来看,一般过去时态与现在完成时态所表示的动作是没有区别的.如：
(1) I covered all the issues listed by Professor Wang last week.
王教授上周列出的问题我已经看过了.（或译为：王教授列出的问题上周我已经看过了.）
(2) I have already covered all the issues listed by Professor Wang.
我已经看完了王教授列出的问题.
两个covered的动作完全可以发生在过去的同一时间,差别只是在于,讲第一句话的人的强调重点是描述covered这个动作发生的过程、时间、当时的情形等等；而说第二句话的人希望强调的是covered的动作做完后给人带来的结果.
现在完成时态可以表示：
一． 时间未指明、不确定的过去动作
(3) I have interviewed eight interviewees, much quicker than scheduled.
我已经面试完了八个人,比原计划快多了.
有时在交际过程中,单单交代一个“时间未指明、不确定的过去动作”所带来的结果还不能完全满足交际的需求,这时候就需要对动作的当时执行情况加以描述.如例：
(4) --- Have you consulted the directors about the present situation of electricity shortage?
---Yes, (I have.) Director Zhang and I talked over this last Saturday.
---你和主任们讨论过近来电力短缺的问题了吗?
---是啊,上周六我和王主任讨论了.
这样,现在完成时态往往就会与一般过去时态交织在一起,来满足交际的需要.
二．表示早一点的过去发生的动作,这个动作有可能现在还在重复
(5) The famous scriptwriter has written strongly for citizen life improvements.
这位著名的撰稿人一直以来为民生改善的问题执笔呐喊.
这句话的意思是“如果你现在去看,你还可以看到这位撰稿人在这么做.”如果这位著名的撰稿人已不这么做了,或者该人士已去世了,即,该动作不存在重复性,我们就要说
(6) The famous scriptwriter wrote strongly for citizen life improvements.
这位著名的撰稿人曾为民生改善的问题执笔呐喊.
三．表示近段不确定时间内一次或重复性的动作和状态
(7) I’ve been busy lately.
(8) Ryan has rung three times this morning. (acceptable when the time this speaker speaks is before noon)
上午这会儿Ryan已经打了三次电话了.
(9) Ryan rang three times this morning. (acceptable when it is in the afternoon or evening.)
今天上午的时候,Ryan打过三次电话.
现在完成进行时态可以表示：
一． 一个过去开始,现在仍在继续,或者刚刚结束的动作
(10) I’ve been waiting for an hour and the secretary says that I have to wait one more hour.
(11) I have been thinking it over.
例句(10) 表明的动作是 I waited, I am waiting and I will have to wait.
例句(11) 表明的动作是 I thought about it and I am still thinking. 或 I thought about it and now I have come to a conclusion.
我一直在考虑这个问题.（可能还有再考虑,也可能刚刚考虑好,已经有了结果.）
二． 经常重复的动作
(12) Justin has been calling Marie every night for the last week.
Justin在过去的这一周里每天晚上都要给Marie打电话.（可能还要接着打）
对比：
(13) Justin has called Marie seven times for the past week.
Justin在过去的这一周里给Marie打过七次电话.（带有总结的性质,表示已完成的动作或状态,不强调接着打的可能性）
(14) I’ve been wanting a newly-edited copy of this dictionary.
我一直以来就想要一本这个辞典的新版本.（此句与I’ve wanted a newly-edited copy of this dictionary 无甚区别）
从现在完成进行时态的动作特征来分析,我们可以得知现在完成进行时与现在进行时的动作有意义上的相通之处.如例：
(16) I have been working in the department store. (该动作可能是刚刚结束,也可能是一直在做,但总之是描述这一段时间内的动作.)
(17) I am just helping out recently in the department store, but I don’t really work here. (描述近一段时间以来的一个重复的动作,或者是一个持续性的动作)
现在完成进行时态与现在完成时态的区别
现在完成进行时可以与时间状语连用,也可以不用,这一点使之有别于现在完成时态.后者往往要与时间状语since September,ever since,for three months连用,如果没有这些时间状语,现在完成时态表示的往往是已完成的动作或状态；或者现在完成时态要与副词just,already,yet等等连用.而现在完成进行时往往与all the (this) morning/ afternoon/ day/ month,或the whole day, etc连用.试对比以下各例：
(18) I have been working on the experiment report this morning, but I haven’t completed it yet.
我今天一上午就忙着写试验报告了,可是到现在也没写完.
(19) They have been repairing the broken road.
他们一直在维修那条破路.（可能是刚歇息下来,也可能还在修.）
(20) They have already repaired the broken road.
他们把路修完了.（动作已然结束.）
现在完成进行时态表示的是一种不间断的持续行为.但是如果一个动作是重复在做,或者要表示动作做过的次数时,是不可以使用现在完成进行时态的.如下例：
(21) I’ve been writing letters since breakfast.
(22) I’ve written to him three times, but I haven’t heard from him up till now.
就如同说I am writing 的动作是不能连用twice 或three times 一样.
(23) He has called on his cousin many times, but each time he happened to be out.
在交际过程中,这两个时态的混用也是常见的.但是在一定的语言环境下,两者的区分也是十分明确的.为了凸现两者的不同,我们呈现给大家一些场景,请大家认真对比：
(24) (When the teacher questioned some student)
---Why haven’t you turned in your report yet?
---I have been reading the results of the experiment all morning. You have told us to
study the statistics before working on the report.
---怎么还没有交上你的报告呀?
---一上午我净在读实验结果了.您告诉我们要先研究数据再写报告的.
此句中的have been reading 如改为have read 则荒谬之极.实际上,I have been reading it的动作距离I am reading it还较远,与I was reading it, I would be reading it if I were not talking to you and I will be reading it.意义更为接近.
(25) ---How about going out for a walk?
---I don’t feel like going out this evening. I’ve been working in the garden all day.
如果使用have worked表示的是work 这个动作给garden带来的结果.
(26) ---Look out for the door.
---Why?
---John has been painting the door.
(In this situation, mostly the paint is still wet. 如果使用John has painted the door.往往表示“活已干完,焕然一新”等等之意)
(27) Please excuse my dirty clothes. I’ve been cleaning out the garden shed.
(28) I have cleaned the garden shed. And now it is fit to store things in.
注意这两句时态的不同,语境的上下文衔接也不同.
(29) ---What have you done with my knife? (你把我的刀怎么啦?意为Where is it now?)
---I put it back where it was.
(30) ---What have you been doing to it? (你是怎么用我的刀的?意为The blade’s all twisted. Have you been sawing wood with it?)
经过上述讨论,参照示例（16）、（25）、（27）,高考题NMET1998, 24的答案也就清楚了.
我们的结论是：现在完成时态与现在完成进行时态有些情况下差异不大,也可以混用,但是在一定语言环境下,两者还是有一定的区分.而这些语言环境下两者的异同是大家要把握的重点.
〔1〕L. G. Alexander,朗文英语语法,〔M〕外语教学与研究出版社 (1991.1 first edition)
〔2〕A J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet,牛津实用英语语法 (Third Edition),〔M〕,外语教学与研究出版社/ 牛津大学出版社,1986
〔3〕A. S. 荷恩毕,英语句型和惯用法,〔M〕,商务印书馆,1981
A Comparison Between Present Perfect Tense And Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Abstract: It deals with the verb tenses, especially on present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tense, with a thorough analysis on their conditions under which to appear. Out of necessity, explanations go with each situation. Under certain situations, the two tenses are definitely different from each other. Under some others, they are the same or similar, though.
Key words: comparison；present perfect tense；present perfect continuous tense
发表在《中小学外语教学》2005年2月号
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