受词
1.受词是在及物动词或介系词后,接受某一动作、方式、状态或性质等具有名词性质的字、片语或子句.
He speaks Japanese.
他讲日语.
专有名词Japanese作受词.
I am good at swimming.
我擅长游泳.
动名词swimming作介系词at的受词.
I don't know the phone number.
我不知道电话号码.
名词片语the phone number作受词.
She doesn't know me.
她不认识我.
代名词me作受词.
I want to know the answer.
我想知道答案.
不定词片语to know the answer作受词.
Do you understand what I mean?
你明白我的意思吗?
名词子句what I mean作受词.
2.在完整的句子中,如果述语动词是完全及物动词,后面必须接受词.
He can't speak Chinese.
他不会讲中文.
speak当完全及物动词,后接受词Chinese.
3.在完整的句子中,如果述语动词是不完全及物动词,后面除接受词外,还要接受词补语.
His mother named him Tommy.
他的母亲给他起名叫汤米.
named是不完全及物动词,后接受词him句意表达不完整,还要接受词补语Tommy.
4.在完整的句子中,如果述语动词是不完全及物动词,而后面接的受词是片语或子句,后再接受词补语时,必须将作受词的片语或子句放在受词补语之后,把it放在它的原来位置,这时it是形式受词,片语或子句是真正受词.
I think it wrong to tell lies.
我认为撒谎是错误的.
it是形式受词,不定词片语to tell lies是真正受词,wrong是受词补语.
Did you make it clear why she didn't come?
你弄清楚她没有来的原因了吗?
it是形式受词,名词子句why she didn't come是真正受词,clear是受词补语.
5.在完整的句子中,如果述语动词是与格动词,后面要接两个受词,即直接受词和间接受词,其中直接受词是所给与或告知的事物,间接受词是接受事物的人.直接受词与间接受词时常可以互换位置.
I bought him a birthday present.
我给他买了一件生日礼物.
bought是与格动词,后接间接受词him,再接直接受词 a birthday present.
I wrote my friend a letter.
I wrote a letter to my friend.
我给我的朋友写了一封信.
The student asked me a question.(No change)
学生问了我一个问题.（无法变化）
6.在完整的句子中,如果述语动词是不及物动词,后面不可接受词,因为句意已表达完整.
The sun rises in the morning.
太阳在早上升起.
rises是完全不及物动词,后面不可接受词,in the morning是副词片语,作修饰语.
We are students.
我们是学生.
are是联系动词,后面不可接受词,students是主词补语.
