助动词一共有哪些啊?除了do啊,does啊,还有什么啊?还有be动词到底是系动词还是助动词啊?本人英语不好,所以还请大家

问题描述:

助动词一共有哪些啊?
除了do啊,does啊,还有什么啊?还有be动词到底是系动词还是助动词啊?本人英语不好,所以还请大家说详细一点,
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-09-29

问题解答:

我来补答
还有do have will may must shall等 be动词都是系动词有时也是助动词,助动词用来表示时态、表示语态、构成疑问句、与否定副词not合用,构成否定句、加强语气;;以下是我找的,说的很详细了.
助动词am,is,are的用法
1) am,is,are +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:
They are having a meeting.他们正在开会.
English is becoming more and more important.英语现在越来越重要.
2) am,is,are + 过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:
The window was broken by Tom..窗户是汤姆打碎的.
English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语.
3)am,is,are+ 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:
a.用现在时表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:
He is to go to New York next week..他下周要去纽约.
We are to teach the freshpersons.我们要教新生.
说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法.
b.表示命令,例如:
You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释.
He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室.
c.征求意见,例如:
How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他?
Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢?
d.表示相约、商定,例如:
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合.
助动词have的用法
1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
He has left for London.他已去了伦敦.
By the end of last month,they had finished half of their work.
上月未为止,他们已经完成工作的一半.
2)have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语,已达十年之久.
3)have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:
English has been taught in China for many years.
中国教英语已经多年.
助动词do 的用法
1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗?
Did you study German?你们学过德语吗?
2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:
I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评.
He doesn't like to study.他不想学习.
In the past,many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性.
3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don't go there.不要去那里.
Don't be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉.
说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does.
4) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气,例如:
Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会.
I did go there.我确实去那儿了.
I do miss you.我确实想你.
5) 用于倒装句,例如:
Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情.
Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.
只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性.
说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well等.
6) 用作代动词,例如:
---- Do you like Beijing?--你喜欢北京吗?
---- Yes,I do.--是的,喜欢.(do用作代动词,代替like Beijing.)
He knows how to drive a car,doesn't he?
他知道如何开车,对吧?
助动词shall和will的用法
shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语.
He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海.
说明:
在过去的语法中,语法学家说shall用于第一人称,will 只用于第二、第三人称.现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的意义,已变为情态动词,试比较:
He shall come.他必须来.(shall有命令的意味.)
He will come.他要来.(will只与动词原形构成一般将来时.)
助动词should,would的用法
1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.
我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么.
比较:
"What shall I do next week?" I asked.
"我下周干什么?"我问道.(可以说,shall变成直接引语时,变成了should.)
2) would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:
He said he would come.他说他要来.
比较:
"I will go," he said.他说:"我要去那儿."
变成间接引语,就成了:
He said he would come.
原来的will变成would,go变成了come..
很晚了、睡吧、、、
 
 
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