问题描述：
求有关物业管理的英文文献!3000字的文章也可以
我需要的是物业管理现状及解决措施什么的，不过还是非常谢谢楼下那位！
我需要的是物业管理现状及解决措施什么的，不过还是非常谢谢楼下那位！
问题解答：
我来补答
Chapter 6: Property Management Functions (I)
第六章 物业管理职能（一）
Having looked at how requirements for management vary by property type, we will now examine a manager’s day-to-day duties in more detail. Like many working people, a property manager wakes up in the morning, dresses for work, eats breakfast, and drives to an office (either on or off the managed premises). Once there, what does he or she do? We will first list all of the functions and then cover the most important ones in greater detail.
在看到随物业类型不同管理要求的变化之后,我们现在详细查看一个物业经理日常职责.如许多工作的人一样,物业经理早上起床,穿上职业装,吃早饭,然后开车去办公室（在或者不再所管理的物业内）.在那里,他或者她又做些什么?我们先列出所有的职能,然后详述最重要部分.
MAKING A MANAGEMENT PLAN
As the agent of the property owner, the property manager is bound to carry out the owner’s objectives. Making explicit those objectives is the first step in creating a management plan. As we have seen, properties under paid management may be very small, or they may be multimillion-dollar complexes. A management plan can be equally simple or elaborate, as suits the scope of management and the market area of a property. Regardless on size, it is important to make a plan (which could range from a handwritten half page to 50 pages typed and bound, depending on the project…). Here we should note that a management plan for any size property contains three points: (1) an analysis of the competitive environment; (2) an analysis of the property itself, and (3) enumeration of the owner’s objectives and recommendations for achieving them.
制定管理计划
作为业主的代理人,物业经理有责任实现业主的目标.创建管理计划的第一步是使这些目标明晰化.如我们所看到,付费管理的物业可能很小,或者可能是数百万美元的建筑群落.管理计划可以相等地简单或者精细,与物业的市场区域和管理的范围相适应.无所谓大小,重要的是制定计划（可能从手写的半页纸到打印且装订好的50页,依项目而定……）.这里我们需注意用于任何大小物业的管理计划包含三点：（1）一份竞争环境的分析；（2）一份物业本身的分析；和（3）列举业主的目标及实现它们的建议.
MAKING A BUDGET
A manager collects money, pays the bills, and sends what is left to the owner in millions or hundreds. A budget is essential for two reasons: (1) to regulate cash flow that is , to make sure sufficient cash is on hand to meet obligations like taxes, mortgage payments, operating expenses, and special capital improvements (e.g., new roof) when needed; and (2) to measure performance to act as a standard for measuring the manager’s success in meeting objectives.
制定预算
物业经理筹钱,付账,然后把或多或少的结余结算给业主.预算是必要的,有两个原因：（1）调节现金流,用来确保手头有充足现金以应付必须时的如税收,抵押金,运营费用,及特别设备改建（如,新屋顶）这些负担；及（2）在会议目的中做为权衡表现的标准用来衡量物业经理成功与否.
PAYING EXPENSES; KEEPING BOOKS AND RECORDS
The property manager must see to it that operating expenses, real estate taxes, insurance premiums, and mortgage payments are paid when due. Depending on the arrangement, a manager may be authorized to sign checks or may only prepare a list of payments for the owner’s attention. The manager also keeps records of income and outlays and works with the owner’s accountant in preparing annual financial statements and tax returns. The manager may also be responsible for reports required by government authorities.
支付费用、保留记录
物业经理务必保证运营花费,房地产税,保险费,抵押金到期时已经支付.取决于安排,物业经理可能被授权签署支票或者仅仅预备一张让业主留意的费用列表.物业经理也要保留收益和费用的记录,和在准备年度财政陈述和退税时和业主的会计协同工作.物业经理可能同样要为官方要求的报告负责.
Chapter 7: Property Management Functions (II)
第七章 物业管理职能（二）
Showing and renting space
Although marketing real estate is a function distinct from managing it, the two are often combined in the hands of the property manager or management firm. In the case of apartment buildings, the manager actually on the site (the resident manager) usually shows vacant apartments and may handle lease negotiations as well. In the case of commercial or office space, leasing is often performed by specialists within a property management firm or may be handled by a separate brokerage firm.
展示和出租空间
尽管买卖房地产是不同于管理的一个职能,两者通常合并在一起交由物业经理或者管理公司负责.就公寓建筑来说,物业经理实际上在现场（常驻经理）通常展示空闲公寓,并且可能还经手租约谈判.就商业或者办公空间来说,出租通常由物业管理公司内部的专家来完成,或者可能交由别的经纪公司.
Because of the importance of leasing and the expertise and special effort required to do it well, a property manager who handles the lease function often receives a commission over and above his regular management fee. The leasing function can be classified into three steps, all or some of which may be performed by the property manager or management firm.
出于出租的重要性和要把它做好的特别努力及专家意见,经手出租的物业经理通常会收到超过或者高于正常管理酬金的一份佣金.出租职能可以分为三步,所有的或者某步可能由物业经理或管理公司来完成.
SETTING RENTAL LEVELS.
A rent schedule should be established with the objective of maximizing future rental income from the property. Setting rents is far from an exact science: it calls for the exercise of good judgment based on a knowledge of rent rates and available space in comparable buildings as well as the features, functions, and benefits of both the subject property and competing space. A technique used by many professional property managers is the base-unit-rate approach. This involves choosing a standard unit in an apartment building (e.g., a two-bedroom apartment on the sixth floor) or a specified number of square feet in an office or derived from a study of the market with adjustments for differences between the particular property and its competition. (For example, a newer building normally commands higher rent for space than an older building, all other things being equal.) Within the particular building, rent rates will vary depending on the relative merits and deficiencies of each unit. For example, space on higher floors usually floors offer the amenities of less street noise and a better view.
设置出租等级
以最大化物业未来的出租收益为目标建立出租日程.设置租金不是一门精密科学：它需要基于可以比较的建筑物的出租费用和可用空间,同样如所属物业和竞争空间的特色,功能和利益的这些学问的良好判断力.许多专业物业经理所采用的一种方法是基本单元等级逼近.这包括选择公寓建筑内一个标准单元（如,六层的两卧公寓）或者一个办公室的指定平方英尺数或者得自带有对特定物业和它的竞争对象的差别的调整的市场研究.（比如,较新建筑通常要求比较旧建筑更高的对空间的租金,在其他都相同的情况下.）在特定建筑内,出租费用取决于各单元的相对优点和不足而变化.比如,高层空间通常要由于没有街道噪音和更好的风景租金更高.
SOLICITING PROSPECTS
The second step in the leasing process is to advertise space in appropriate media (whether billboards, newspapers, radio, or television) and show in a perfunctory way, this task should properly be regarded as the time for intensive personal selling on the part of the leasing agent. To sell space effectively, the leasing agent must not only be familiar with every detail of the property being shown, but also should ascertain the precise needs and desires of the prospect.
征集可能的客户
出租过程的第二步是为所出租空间在合适媒体登广告（无论是广告牌,报纸,电台,电视）.如果只是敷衍了事,这个任务可能会被认为出租代理的一次过分的人员推销.要有效的出售空间,出租代理要不仅熟悉展示物业的每个细节,也要探知这些可能的客户的精确需要和期望.
NEGOTIATING AND EXECUTING LEASES
Finally, the property manager will be involved, to a greater or lesser extent, in the negotiation and execution of the lease. In the case of an apartment project, where standard form leases are used and little negotiation normally occurs, the manager may perform the entire process. On the other hand, a long-term lease of several floors in a major office building will require the efforts of both legal counsel and the owner. Even here, however, the property manager plays an important preliminary role because of his initial contacts with the tenant.
谈判和执行租约
最后,在租约的谈判和执行上或多或少对物业经理来说有些棘手.就公寓项目来说,采用标准形式的租约,正常地很少有谈判,物业经理完成整个过程.另一方面,一个主要办公建筑的多层长期租约需要业主和法律顾问双方的努力.甚至在这时,物业经理还是有初步的重要作用,由于他和承租人最初的合同.
第六章 物业管理职能（一）
Having looked at how requirements for management vary by property type, we will now examine a manager’s day-to-day duties in more detail. Like many working people, a property manager wakes up in the morning, dresses for work, eats breakfast, and drives to an office (either on or off the managed premises). Once there, what does he or she do? We will first list all of the functions and then cover the most important ones in greater detail.
在看到随物业类型不同管理要求的变化之后,我们现在详细查看一个物业经理日常职责.如许多工作的人一样,物业经理早上起床,穿上职业装,吃早饭,然后开车去办公室（在或者不再所管理的物业内）.在那里,他或者她又做些什么?我们先列出所有的职能,然后详述最重要部分.
MAKING A MANAGEMENT PLAN
As the agent of the property owner, the property manager is bound to carry out the owner’s objectives. Making explicit those objectives is the first step in creating a management plan. As we have seen, properties under paid management may be very small, or they may be multimillion-dollar complexes. A management plan can be equally simple or elaborate, as suits the scope of management and the market area of a property. Regardless on size, it is important to make a plan (which could range from a handwritten half page to 50 pages typed and bound, depending on the project…). Here we should note that a management plan for any size property contains three points: (1) an analysis of the competitive environment; (2) an analysis of the property itself, and (3) enumeration of the owner’s objectives and recommendations for achieving them.
制定管理计划
作为业主的代理人,物业经理有责任实现业主的目标.创建管理计划的第一步是使这些目标明晰化.如我们所看到,付费管理的物业可能很小,或者可能是数百万美元的建筑群落.管理计划可以相等地简单或者精细,与物业的市场区域和管理的范围相适应.无所谓大小,重要的是制定计划（可能从手写的半页纸到打印且装订好的50页,依项目而定……）.这里我们需注意用于任何大小物业的管理计划包含三点：（1）一份竞争环境的分析；（2）一份物业本身的分析；和（3）列举业主的目标及实现它们的建议.
MAKING A BUDGET
A manager collects money, pays the bills, and sends what is left to the owner in millions or hundreds. A budget is essential for two reasons: (1) to regulate cash flow that is , to make sure sufficient cash is on hand to meet obligations like taxes, mortgage payments, operating expenses, and special capital improvements (e.g., new roof) when needed; and (2) to measure performance to act as a standard for measuring the manager’s success in meeting objectives.
制定预算
物业经理筹钱,付账,然后把或多或少的结余结算给业主.预算是必要的,有两个原因：（1）调节现金流,用来确保手头有充足现金以应付必须时的如税收,抵押金,运营费用,及特别设备改建（如,新屋顶）这些负担；及（2）在会议目的中做为权衡表现的标准用来衡量物业经理成功与否.
PAYING EXPENSES; KEEPING BOOKS AND RECORDS
The property manager must see to it that operating expenses, real estate taxes, insurance premiums, and mortgage payments are paid when due. Depending on the arrangement, a manager may be authorized to sign checks or may only prepare a list of payments for the owner’s attention. The manager also keeps records of income and outlays and works with the owner’s accountant in preparing annual financial statements and tax returns. The manager may also be responsible for reports required by government authorities.
支付费用、保留记录
物业经理务必保证运营花费,房地产税,保险费,抵押金到期时已经支付.取决于安排,物业经理可能被授权签署支票或者仅仅预备一张让业主留意的费用列表.物业经理也要保留收益和费用的记录,和在准备年度财政陈述和退税时和业主的会计协同工作.物业经理可能同样要为官方要求的报告负责.
Chapter 7: Property Management Functions (II)
第七章 物业管理职能（二）
Showing and renting space
Although marketing real estate is a function distinct from managing it, the two are often combined in the hands of the property manager or management firm. In the case of apartment buildings, the manager actually on the site (the resident manager) usually shows vacant apartments and may handle lease negotiations as well. In the case of commercial or office space, leasing is often performed by specialists within a property management firm or may be handled by a separate brokerage firm.
展示和出租空间
尽管买卖房地产是不同于管理的一个职能,两者通常合并在一起交由物业经理或者管理公司负责.就公寓建筑来说,物业经理实际上在现场（常驻经理）通常展示空闲公寓,并且可能还经手租约谈判.就商业或者办公空间来说,出租通常由物业管理公司内部的专家来完成,或者可能交由别的经纪公司.
Because of the importance of leasing and the expertise and special effort required to do it well, a property manager who handles the lease function often receives a commission over and above his regular management fee. The leasing function can be classified into three steps, all or some of which may be performed by the property manager or management firm.
出于出租的重要性和要把它做好的特别努力及专家意见,经手出租的物业经理通常会收到超过或者高于正常管理酬金的一份佣金.出租职能可以分为三步,所有的或者某步可能由物业经理或管理公司来完成.
SETTING RENTAL LEVELS.
A rent schedule should be established with the objective of maximizing future rental income from the property. Setting rents is far from an exact science: it calls for the exercise of good judgment based on a knowledge of rent rates and available space in comparable buildings as well as the features, functions, and benefits of both the subject property and competing space. A technique used by many professional property managers is the base-unit-rate approach. This involves choosing a standard unit in an apartment building (e.g., a two-bedroom apartment on the sixth floor) or a specified number of square feet in an office or derived from a study of the market with adjustments for differences between the particular property and its competition. (For example, a newer building normally commands higher rent for space than an older building, all other things being equal.) Within the particular building, rent rates will vary depending on the relative merits and deficiencies of each unit. For example, space on higher floors usually floors offer the amenities of less street noise and a better view.
设置出租等级
以最大化物业未来的出租收益为目标建立出租日程.设置租金不是一门精密科学：它需要基于可以比较的建筑物的出租费用和可用空间,同样如所属物业和竞争空间的特色,功能和利益的这些学问的良好判断力.许多专业物业经理所采用的一种方法是基本单元等级逼近.这包括选择公寓建筑内一个标准单元（如,六层的两卧公寓）或者一个办公室的指定平方英尺数或者得自带有对特定物业和它的竞争对象的差别的调整的市场研究.（比如,较新建筑通常要求比较旧建筑更高的对空间的租金,在其他都相同的情况下.）在特定建筑内,出租费用取决于各单元的相对优点和不足而变化.比如,高层空间通常要由于没有街道噪音和更好的风景租金更高.
SOLICITING PROSPECTS
The second step in the leasing process is to advertise space in appropriate media (whether billboards, newspapers, radio, or television) and show in a perfunctory way, this task should properly be regarded as the time for intensive personal selling on the part of the leasing agent. To sell space effectively, the leasing agent must not only be familiar with every detail of the property being shown, but also should ascertain the precise needs and desires of the prospect.
征集可能的客户
出租过程的第二步是为所出租空间在合适媒体登广告（无论是广告牌,报纸,电台,电视）.如果只是敷衍了事,这个任务可能会被认为出租代理的一次过分的人员推销.要有效的出售空间,出租代理要不仅熟悉展示物业的每个细节,也要探知这些可能的客户的精确需要和期望.
NEGOTIATING AND EXECUTING LEASES
Finally, the property manager will be involved, to a greater or lesser extent, in the negotiation and execution of the lease. In the case of an apartment project, where standard form leases are used and little negotiation normally occurs, the manager may perform the entire process. On the other hand, a long-term lease of several floors in a major office building will require the efforts of both legal counsel and the owner. Even here, however, the property manager plays an important preliminary role because of his initial contacts with the tenant.
谈判和执行租约
最后,在租约的谈判和执行上或多或少对物业经理来说有些棘手.就公寓项目来说,采用标准形式的租约,正常地很少有谈判,物业经理完成整个过程.另一方面,一个主要办公建筑的多层长期租约需要业主和法律顾问双方的努力.甚至在这时,物业经理还是有初步的重要作用,由于他和承租人最初的合同.
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