问题描述：
英语翻译
上一段已经成功解决,这里还有几小段,我的分数不多了,
Though the Waddington and von Bertalanffy programs have not been confirmed in the typical accomplishments and representations in molecular biology in general,and molecular genetics in particular,there are interesting advances that fall between those searches for broad theories couched in mathematically precise differential equation form,and the narrow classes of mechanisms,usually described in qualitative multilevel causal language,that constitute the vast majority of current biomedical explainers.In traditional population genetics,one important exception is the ability to develop a powerful axiomatization of the subject that does bear strong analogies to equation based theories of physics.(For a detailed example see the Jacquard axiomatization of population genetics summarized in Schaffner (1993),Chapter 8.)
There are several other theories that are equation-based which can be identified in contemporary biomedicine; and in the remainder of this paper I discuss two of these in detail.My view is that these can disclose some important ways that very general and quantitative principles can be applied fruitfully in biology and medicine.They also disclose the limitations of this kind of
physics-oriented approach to biology,and a comparison of those areas where mathematical modeling works and at what points it begins to fail may indicate ways that systems biology can approach the issues of theories,models,and equations in this nascent area.
I will begin my discussion with a brief account of the development of the Hodgkin–Huxley Giant Squid Model for Action Potentials,a stunning accomplishment for which Hodgkin and Huxley shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1963.One of the current standard textbooks of neuroscience (Kandel et al.2000) states that 50 years after its publication,‘the Hodgkin–Huxley model stands as the most successful quantitative computational model in neural sciences if not all of biology’ (p.156).
上一段已经成功解决,这里还有几小段,我的分数不多了,
Though the Waddington and von Bertalanffy programs have not been confirmed in the typical accomplishments and representations in molecular biology in general,and molecular genetics in particular,there are interesting advances that fall between those searches for broad theories couched in mathematically precise differential equation form,and the narrow classes of mechanisms,usually described in qualitative multilevel causal language,that constitute the vast majority of current biomedical explainers.In traditional population genetics,one important exception is the ability to develop a powerful axiomatization of the subject that does bear strong analogies to equation based theories of physics.(For a detailed example see the Jacquard axiomatization of population genetics summarized in Schaffner (1993),Chapter 8.)
There are several other theories that are equation-based which can be identified in contemporary biomedicine; and in the remainder of this paper I discuss two of these in detail.My view is that these can disclose some important ways that very general and quantitative principles can be applied fruitfully in biology and medicine.They also disclose the limitations of this kind of
physics-oriented approach to biology,and a comparison of those areas where mathematical modeling works and at what points it begins to fail may indicate ways that systems biology can approach the issues of theories,models,and equations in this nascent area.
I will begin my discussion with a brief account of the development of the Hodgkin–Huxley Giant Squid Model for Action Potentials,a stunning accomplishment for which Hodgkin and Huxley shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1963.One of the current standard textbooks of neuroscience (Kandel et al.2000) states that 50 years after its publication,‘the Hodgkin–Huxley model stands as the most successful quantitative computational model in neural sciences if not all of biology’ (p.156).
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