求英语句子成分的详细解释 主语谓语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语等的详细用法和解释

主语：句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么,或执行句子的行为或动作的主体.
①【My school】 is not far from my house.
②【To do such a job 】needs more knowledge.
谓语：对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”.
①It【 is used by】 travelers and business people all over the world.
②I【 made】 your birthday cake last night
宾语：一个动作（动词）的接受者.
①He didn't say 【anything.】
②They sent 【the injured to hospital.】
表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的成分.
①That remains 【a puzzle】 to me.
②The sun is 【up.】
定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分.
①In science,a theory is a reasonable explanation【 of observed events】.
②Possible solutions 【to the problem】 are formulated.
状语：谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制.
①【In a way,】any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.
②It extends the scientist's thinking 【beyond the known facts】.
主语补足语：被动语态中的宾语补足语.
①The dog is called 【Karl】.
②The door was painted 【white】.
宾语补足语：某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.
①He proved that theory【 very important】.
②I'd prefer you【 to leave him alone】.
插入语：在一个句子中间插入的一个成分,不作句子的何种成分,也不和句子的何种成分发生结构关系,同时既不起连接作用,也不表示语气.
①One advantage of his icebox,【 Moore explained】,was something.
②The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes,【for example】,seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids.
连接词：连接短语或子句的句子成分.
①That is,they become diseased 【and 】die.
②The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940's 【and】 became a flood by 1950.
同位语：对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明的名词或其它形式.
①A new household convenience,the icebox,【a precursor of the modern refrigerator】,had been invented.
②Most of them range in size from $5,000 to $12,500,【a welcome sum to many young practitioners.】
系动词：本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况.
①That【is】 air wrung dry of moisture.
②There【 seem to have been 】several periods within the last tens of thousands of years.
形式主语：形式主语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑主语,可以把它归类到逻辑主语的第一种(不定式的逻辑主语) 用作宾语的不定式,用作目的状语,用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的.
①It is no use 【reasoning with him】.
② It was pretty hard for him 【to bring up the child on his own.】
形式宾语：形式宾语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑宾语,可以把它归类到逻辑宾语的第一种(不定式的逻辑宾语) 用作主语的不定式,用作目的状语,用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的.
①I find 【it 】difficult 【to talk to you.】
②I think 【it】 intresesting 【to dance.】
间接宾语：当看到句子中有两个宾语时,其中指物或指事的就是直接宾语,指人（或动物）的就是间接宾语.（不能按宾语离动词的远近来判别）
①I teach【 him】 English.
②I wrote【 my father】 a letter yesterday.
连接词/标志词：连接词是连接单词、短语或子句的词语,不能独立充当句子成分.
①Air 【and 】water are indispensable to me.
②You may come【 if 】you want to.