清教主义 Puritanism
浪漫主义 Romanticism
Romanticism was a movement in literature,philosophy,music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.Starting from the ideas of Rousseau in France and from the Storm and Stress movement (狂飙运动) in Germany.Romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations (灵感) above those of society.As a reaction (反应) to the industrial revolution (工业革命),it looked to (承上启下) the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature (与大自然的直接接触) for inspiration (灵感).Romanticism gave impetus (动力支持) to the national liberation movement (民族解放运动) in 19th century Europe.
启蒙运动 Enlightenment Movement
Enlightement was an intellectual (知识分子) movement originating in France,which attracted (吸引) widespread (普遍的) support (支持) among the ruling (统治阶级) and intellectural classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century.It characterizes the efforts (作用) by certain European writers to use critical reason (批评推理) to free minds from prejudice (偏见),unexamined authority (权威) and oppression (压迫) by Church or State (国家政权).Therefore the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason (理智的年代).
