现在进行时中能用不可延续动词吗?常见的不可延续动词有哪些?

问题描述:

现在进行时中能用不可延续动词吗?常见的不可延续动词有哪些?
如题
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-11-26

问题解答:

我来补答
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词.
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响.如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等.
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束.如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等.
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用.表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等.如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了.
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用.如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾.如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示.上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时.如:
The train has arrived.火车到了.
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续.因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式).如:
(1)他死了三年了.
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了.
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用.那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式.下面列举几例:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold.
(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式.
(3)用句型"It is+段时间+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式.
(4)用句型"时间+has passed+since..."表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式.
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用.如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型,意为"直到……才……".如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里.
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉.
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中.when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词).而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词.如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式).如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
 
 
展开全文阅读
剩余:2000
上一页:示意图也请画出
下一页:拜托详细解答