经济学专有名词中英对照表及解释

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经济学专有名词
A
accounting:会计
accounting cost :会计成本
accounting profit :会计利润
adverse selection :逆向选择
allocation 配置
allocation of resources :资源配置
allocative efficiency :配置效率
antitrust legislation :反托拉斯法
arc elasticity :弧弹性
Arrow's impossibility theorem :阿罗不可能定理
Assumption :假设
asymetric information :非对称性信息
average :平均
average cost :平均成本
average cost pricing :平均成本定价法
average fixed cost :平均固定成本
average product of capital :资本平均产量
average product of labour :劳动平均产量
average revenue :平均收益
average total cost :平均总成本
average variable cost :平均可变成本
B
barriers to entry :进入壁垒
base year :基年
bilateral monopoly :双边垄断
benefit :收益
black market :黑市
bliss point :极乐点
boundary point :边界点
break even point :收支相抵点
budget :预算
budget constraint :预算约束
budget line :预算线
budget set 预算集
C
capital :资本
capital stock :资本存量
capital output ratio :资本产出比率
capitalism :资本主义
cardinal utility theory :基数效用论
cartel :卡特尔
ceteris puribus assumption :“其他条件不变”的假设
ceteris puribus demand curve :其他因素不变的需求曲线
Chamberlin model :张伯伦模型
change in demand :需求变化
change in quantity demanded :需求量变化
change in quantity supplied :供给量变化
change in supply :供给变化
choice :选择
closed set :闭集
Coase theorem :科斯定理
Cobb—Douglas production function :柯布--道格拉斯生产函数
cobweb model :蛛网模型
collective bargaining :集体协议工资
collusion :合谋
command economy :指令经济
commodity :商品
commodity combination :商品组合
commodity market :商品市场
commodity space :商品空间
common property :公用财产
comparative static analysis :比较静态分析
compensated budget line :补偿预算线
compensated demand function :补偿需求函数
compensation principles :补偿原则
compensating variation in income :收入补偿变量
competition :竞争
competitive market :竞争性市场
complement goods :互补品
complete information :完全信息
completeness :完备性
condition for efficiency in exchange :交换的最优条件
condition for efficiency in production :生产的最优条件
concave :凹
concave function :凹函数
concave preference :凹偏好
consistence :一致性
constant cost industry :成本不变产业
constant returns to scale :规模报酬不变
constraints :约束
consumer :消费者
consumer behavior :消费者行为
consumer choice :消费者选择
consumer equilibrium :消费者均衡
consumer optimization :消费者优化
consumer preference :消费者偏好
consumer surplus :消费者剩余
consumer theory :消费者理论
consumption :消费
consumption bundle :消费束
consumption combination :消费组合
consumption possibility curve :消费可能曲线
consumption possibility frontier :消费可能性前沿
consumption set :消费集
consumption space :消费空间
continuity :连续性
continuous function :连续函数
contract curve :契约曲线
convex :凸
convex function :凸函数
convex preference :凸偏好
convex set :凸集
corporatlon :公司
cost :成本
cost benefit analysis :成本收益分
cost function :成本函数
cost minimization :成本极小化
Cournot equilihrium :古诺均衡
Cournot model :古诺模型
Cross—price elasticity :交叉价格弹性
D
dead—weights loss :重负损失
decreasing cost industry :成本递减产业
decreasing returns to scale :规模报酬递减
deduction :演绎法
demand :需求
demand curve :需求曲线
demand elasticity :需求弹性
demand function :需求函数
demand price :需求价格
demand schedule :需求表
depreciation :折旧
derivative :导数
derive demand :派生需求
difference equation :差分方程
differential equation :微分方程
differentiated good :差异商品
differentiated oligoply :差异寡头
diminishing marginal substitution :边际替代率递减
diminishing marginal return :收益递减
diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减
direct approach :直接法
direct taxes :直接税
discounting :贴税、折扣
diseconomies of scale :规模不经济
disequilibrium :非均衡
distribution :分配
division of labour :劳动分工
distribution theory of marginal productivity :边际生产率分配论
duoupoly :双头垄断、双寡
duality :对偶
durable goods :耐用品
dynamic analysis :动态分析
dynamic models :动态模型
E
Economic agents :经济行为者
economic cost :经济成本
economic efficiency :经济效率
economic goods :经济物品
economic man :经济人
economic mode :经济模型
economic profit :经济利润
economic region of production :生产的经济区域
economic regulation :经济调节
economic rent :经济租金
exchange :交换
economics :经济学
exchange efficiency :交换效率
economy :经济
exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线
economy of scale :规模经济
Edgeworth box diagram :埃奇沃思图
exclusion :排斥性、排他性
Edgeworth contract curve :埃奇沃思契约线
Edgeworth model :埃奇沃思模型
efficiency :效率,效益
efficiency parameter :效率参数
elasticity :弹性
elasticity of substitution :替代弹性
endogenous variable :内生变量
endowment :禀赋
endowment of resources :资源禀赋
Engel curve :恩格尔曲线
entrepreneur :企业家
entrepreneurship :企业家才能
entry barriers :进入壁垒
entry/exit decision :进出决策
envolope curve :包络线
equilibrium :均衡
equilibrium condition :均衡条件
equilibrium price :均衡价格
equilibrium quantity :均衡产量
eqity :公平
equivalent variation in income :收入等价变量
excess—capacity theorem :过度生产能力定理
excess supply :过度供给
exchange :交换
exchange contract curve :交换契约曲线
exclusion :排斥性、排他性
exclusion principle :排他性原则
existence :存在性
existence of general equilibrium :总体均衡的存在性
exogenous variables :外生变量
expansion paths :扩展径
expectation :期望
expected utility :期望效用
expected value :期望值
expenditure :支出
explicit cost :显性成本
external benefit :外部收益
external cost :外部成本
external economy :外部经济
external diseconomy :外部不经济
externalities :外部性
F
Factor :要素
factor demand :要素需求
factor market :要素市场
factors of production :生产要素
factor substitution :要素替代
factor supply :要素供给
fallacy of composition :合成谬误
final goods :最终产品
firm :企业
firms’demand curve for labor :企业劳动需求曲线
firm supply curve :企业供给曲线
first-degree price discrimination :第一级价格歧视
first—order condition :一阶条件
fixed costs :固定成本
fixed input :固定投入
fixed proportions production function :固定比例的生产函数
flow :流量
fluctuation :波动
for whom to produce :为谁生产
free entry :自由进入
free goods :自由品,免费品
free mobility of resources :资源自由流动
free rider :搭便车,免费搭车
function :函数
future value :未来值
G
game theory :对策论、博弈论
general equilibrium :总体均衡
general goods :一般商品
Giffen goods :吉芬晶 收入补偿需求曲线
Giffen's Paradox :吉芬之谜
Gini coefficient :吉尼系数
goldenrule :黄金规则
goods :货物
government failure :政府失败
government regulation :政府调控
grand utility possibility curve :总效用可能曲线
grand utility possibility frontier :总效用可能前沿
H
heterogeneous product :异质产品
Hicks—kaldor welfare criterion :希克斯一卡尔多福利标准
homogeneity :齐次性
homogeneous demand function :齐次需求函数
homogeneous product :同质产品
homogeneous production function :齐次生产函数
horizontal summation :水平和
household :家庭
how to produce :如何生产
human capital :人力资本
hypothesis :假说
I
identity :恒等式
imperfect competion :不完全竞争
implicitcost :隐性成本
income :收入
income compensated demand curve :收入补偿需求曲线
income constraint :收入约束
income consumption curve :收入消费曲线
income distribution :收入分配
income effect :收入效应
income elasticity of demand :需求收入弹性
increasing cost industry :成本递增产业
increasing returns to scale :规模报酬递增
inefficiency :缺乏效率
index number :指数
indifference :无差异
indifference curve :无差异曲线
indifference map :无差异族
indifference relation :无差异关系
indifference set :无差异集
indirect approach :间接法
individual analysis :个量分析
individual demand curve :个人需求曲线
individual demand function :个人需求函数
induced variable :引致变量
induction :归纳法
industry :产业
industry equilibrium :产业均衡
industry supply curve :产业供给曲线
inelastic :缺乏弹性的
inferior goods :劣品
inflection point :拐点
information :信息
information cost :信息成本
initial condition :初始条件
initial endowment :初始禀赋
innovation :创新
input :投入
input—output :投入—产出
institution :制度
institutional economics :制度经济学
insurance :保险
intercept :截距
interest :利息
interest rate :利息率
intermediate goods :中间产品
internatization of externalities :外部性内部化
invention :发明
inverse demand function :逆需求函数
investment :投资
invisible hand :看不见的手
isocost line :等成本线,
isoprofit curve :等利润曲线
isoquant curve :等产量曲线
isoquant map :等产量族
K
kinded—demand curve :弯折的需求曲线
L
labour :劳动
labour demand :劳动需求
labour supply :劳动供给
labour theory of value :劳动价值论
labour unions :工会
laissez faire :自由放任
Lagrangian function :拉格朗日函数
Lagrangian multiplier :拉格朗乘数,
land :土地
law :法则
law of demand and supply :供需法
law of diminishing marginal utility :边际效用递减法则
law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution :边际替代率递减法则
law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution :边际技术替代率
law of increasing cost :成本递增法则
law of one price :单一价格法则
leader—follower model :领导者--跟随者模型
least—cost combination of inputs :最低成本的投入组合
leisure :闲暇
Leontief production function :列昂节夫生产函数
licenses :许可证
linear demand function :线性需求函数
linear homogeneity :线性齐次性
linear homogeneous production function :线性齐次生产函数
long run :长期
long run average cost :长期平均成本
long run equilibrium :长期均衡
long run industry supply curve :长期产业供给曲线
long run marginal cost :长期边际成本
long run total cost :长期总成本
Lorenz curve :洛伦兹曲线
loss minimization :损失极小化
1ump sum tax :一次性征税
luxury :奢侈品
M
macroeconomics :宏观经济学
marginal :边际的
marginal benefit :边际收益
marginal cost :边际成本
marginal cost pricing :边际成本定价
marginal cost of factor :边际要素成本
marginal physical productivity :实际实物生产率
marginal product :边际产量
marginal product of capital :资本的边际产量
marginal product of 1abour :劳动的边际产量
marginal productivity :边际生产率
marginal rate of substitution :边替代率
marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率
marginal returns :边际回报
marginal revenue :边际收益
marginal revenue product :边际收益产品
marginal revolution :边际革命
marginal social benefit :社会边际收益
marginal social cost :社会边际成本
marginal utility :边际效用
marginal value products :边际价值产品
market :市场
market clearance :市场结清,市场洗清
market demand :市场需求
market economy :市场经济
market equilibrium :市场均衡
market failure :市场失败
market mechanism :市场机制
market structure :市场结构
market separation :市场分割
market regulation :市场调节
market share :市场份额
markup pricing :加减定价法
Marshallian demand function :马歇尔需求函数
maximization :极大化
microeconomics :微观经济学
minimum wage :最低工资
misallocation of resources :资源误置
mixed economy :混合经济
model :模型
money :货币
monopolistic competition :垄断竞争
monopolistic exploitation :垄断剥削
monopoly :垄断,卖方垄断
monopoly equilibrium :垄断均衡
monopoly pricing :垄断定价
monopoly regulation :垄断调控
monopoly rents :垄断租金
monopsony :买方垄断
N
Nash equilibrium :纳什均衡
Natural monopoly :自然垄断
Natural resources :自然资源
Necessary condition :必要条件
necessities :必需品
net demand :净需求
nonconvex preference :非凸性偏好
nonconvexity :非凸性
nonexclusion :非排斥性
nonlinear pricing :非线性定价
nonrivalry :非对抗性
nonprice competition :非价格竞争
nonsatiation :非饱和性
non--zero—sum game :非零和对策
normal goods :正常品
normal profit :正常利润
normative economics :规范经济学
O
objective function :目标函数
oligopoly :寡头垄断
oligopoly market :寡头市场
oligopoly model :寡头模型
opportunity cost :机会成本
optimal choice :最佳选择
optimal consumption bundle :消费束
perfect elasticity :完全有弹性
optimal resource allocation :最佳资源配置
optimal scale :最佳规模
optimal solution :最优解
optimization :优化
ordering of optimization(social) preference :(社会)偏好排序
ordinal utility :序数效用
ordinary goods :一般品
output :产量、产出
output elasticity :产出弹性
output maximization 产出极大化
P
parameter :参数
Pareto criterion :帕累托标准
Pareto efficiency :帕累托效率
Pareto improvement :帕累托改进
Pareto optimality :帕累托优化
Pareto set :帕累托集
partial derivative :偏导数
partial equilibrium :局部均衡
patent :专利
pay off matrix :收益矩阵、支付矩阵
perceived demand curve :感觉到的需求曲线
perfect competition :完全竞争
perfect complement :完全互补品
perfect monopoly :完全垄断
perfect price discrimination :完全价格歧视
perfect substitution :完全替代品
perfect inelasticity :完全无弹性
perfectly elastic :完全有弹性
perfectly inelastic :完全无弹性
plant size :工厂规模
point elasticity :点弹性
post Hoc Fallacy :后此谬误
prediction :预测
preference :偏好
preference relation :偏好关系
present value :现值
price :价格
price adjustment model :价格调整模型
price ceiling :最高限价
price consumption curve :价格费曲线
price control :价格管制
price difference :价格差别
price discrimination :价格歧视
price elasticity of demand :需求价格弹性
price elasticity of supply :供给价格弹性
price floor :最低限价
price maker :价格制定者
price rigidity :价格刚性
price seeker :价格搜求者
price taker :价格接受者
price tax :从价税
private benefit :私人收益
principal—agent issues :委托--代理问题
private cost :私人成本
private goods :私人用品
private property :私人财产
producer equilibrium :生产者均衡
producer theory :生产者理论
product :产品
product transformation curve :产品转换曲线
product differentiation :产品差异
product group :产品集团
production :生产
production contract curve :生产契约曲线
production efficiency :生产效率
production function :生产函数
production possibility curve :生产可能性曲线
productivity :生产率
productivity of capital :资本生产率
productivity of labor :劳动生产率
profit :利润
profit function :利润函数
profit maximization :利润极大化
property rights :产权
property rights economics :产权经济学
proposition :定理
proportional demand curve :成比例的需求曲线
public benefits :公共收益
public choice :公共选择
public goods :公共商品
pure competition :纯粹竞争
rivalry :对抗性、竞争
pure exchange :纯交换
pure monopoly :纯粹垄断
Q
quantity—adjustment model :数量调整模型
quantity tax :从量税
quasi—rent :准租金
R
rate of product transformation :产品转换率
rationality :理性
reaction function :反应函数
regulation :调节,调控
relative price 相对价格
rent :租金
rent control :规模报酬
rent seeking :寻租
rent seeking economics :寻租经济学
resource :资源
resource allocation :资源配置
returns :报酬、回报
returns to scale :规模报酬
revealed preference :显示性偏好
revenue :收益
revenue curve :收益曲线
revenue function :收益函数
revenue maximization :收益极大化
ridge line :脊线
risk :风险
satiation :饱和,满足
saving :储蓄
scarcity :稀缺性
law of scarcity :稀缺法则
second—degree price discrimination :二级价格歧视
second derivative :--阶导数
second—order condition :二阶条件
service :劳务
set :集
shadow prices :影子价格
short—run :短期
short—run cost curve :短期成本曲线
short—run equilibrium :短期均衡
short—run supply curve :短期供给曲线
shut down decision :关闭决策
shortage 短缺
shut down point :关闭点
single price monopoly :单一定价垄断
slope :斜率
social benefit :社会收益
social cost :社会成本
social indifference curve :社会无差异曲线
social preference :社会偏好
social security :社会保障
social welfare function :社会福利函数
socialism :社会主义
solution :解
space :空间
stability :稳定性
stable equilibrium :稳定的均衡
Stackelberg model :斯塔克尔贝格模型
static analysis :静态分析
stock :存量
stock market :股票市场
strategy :策略
subsidy :津贴
substitutes :替代品
substitution effect :替代效应
substitution parameter :替代参数
sufficient condition :充分条件
supply :供给
supply curve :供给曲线
supply function :供给函数
supply schedule :供给表
Sweezy model :斯威齐模型
symmetry :对称性
symmetry of information :信息对称
T
tangency :相切
taste :兴致
technical efficiency :技术效率
technological constraints ；技术约束
technological progress :技术进步
technology :技术
third—degree price discrimination :第三级价格歧视
total cost :总成本
total effect :总效应
total expenditure :总支出
total fixed cost :总固定成本
total product :总产量
total revenue :总收益
total utility :总效用
total variable cost :总可变成本
traditional economy :传统经济
transitivity :传递性
transaction cost :交易费用
uncertainty :不确定性
uniqueness :唯一性
unit elasticity :单位弹性
unstable equilibrium :不稳定均衡
utility :效用
utility function :效用函数
utility index :效用指数
utility maximization :效用极大化
utility possibility curve :效用可能性曲线
utility possibility frontier :效用可能性前沿
V
value :价值
value judge :价值判断
value of marginal product :边际产量价值
variable cost :可变成本
variable input :可变投入
variables :变量
vector :向量
visible hand :看得见的手
vulgur economics :庸俗经济学
W
wage :工资
wage rate :工资率
Walras general equilibrium :瓦尔拉斯总体均衡
Walras's law :瓦尔拉斯法则
Wants :需要
Welfare criterion :福利标准
Welfare economics :福利经学
Welfare loss triangle :福利损失三角形
welfare maximization :福利极大化
Z
zero cost :零成本
zero elasticity :零弹性
zero homogeneity :零阶齐次性
zero economic profit :零利润