中考英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略 作者：佚名1. 通览全文,了解大意 答题时,应先越过空档,通读全文,了解文章的大意.每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应.因此通读全文时要一气呵成,只要能了解短文的大意即可,细节不理解可以跳过.要理顺题意,找出信息词.这是做好缺词填空题的关键,因为缺词填空的特点是着眼于整体理解,有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填,急于求成,然而,欲速则不达,结果往往由于"只见树木不见森林"而事倍功半,因此我们应该依据首句给的启示,通过逻辑思维,借助短文中关键词所提供的信息,越过空档,尽快把全文读完,建立语言的整体感,帮助我们了解短文大意. 2. 复读短文抓信息,前后照应巧猜词 在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文,目的是对短文有更进一步的了解.在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾,它们能提供主要的信息,帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想.在阅读过程中,要注意上、下文的关系,这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处.另外,要学会跳读,即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式,待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法.有些短文填空题,有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的,这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测,来确定它的词义. 3. 综合考虑,先易后难 经过复读全文,对短文有了更深的印象.在此基础上,可以根据全文大意,展开逻辑思维,分析这一空格处在句中的地位,前后的关系和它所起的作用,确定最佳答案.遇到困难,暂放一边,先易后难,这是解题之道.当遇到难以判断的空档时,不妨先放一边,继续往下做.因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的.有时,前后信息之间还有相互提示作用.因此,当我们遇到难题时,不能久久停留于此,这样会浪费不必要的时间. 4. 复读检验,消除疏漏 完成所有空档后,还要再次通读全文,看看这时的短文行文是否流畅,意义是否连贯,逻辑关系是否合理.复查时,可从语法入手,检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确.从实际中看,很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词,但是,问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上.比首字母为 q ,要求填写 quickly ,而有些学生只知道填写 quick ,忽略了词性问题.因此,深思熟虑很重要.凡遇疑点,必须根据文章的中心思想,从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡,加以改正,弥补疏漏. “台阶式”训练法 阅读教学是英语教学中的一个难点,给首字母完形填空又是阅读教学中最令人头痛的一环.它不但考查学生对语篇的理解能力,而且考查学生理解语篇过程中的分析判断、句子成分与词性的对应关系、语法结构、词义辨析等全方位的综合能力.只有具备了相当词汇量、扎实的语法知识、充分的扩散性思维和严密的逻辑推理能力的学生,才能很好地完成语篇,使文章通顺畅达,恢复原样. 不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力,可能仍达不到理想的训练效果,下面的“台阶式”教学法也许是在较短时间里提高缺词填空能力的途径之一. 台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系.通过对单一成分的分类练习,掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应.词性正确是答案正确的前提. (1) 对主语的判断 1. _______ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _____ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _______ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _______ is my favourite sport. ( fish ) 5. ________ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上练习中,填入词均为句子的主语.主语是动作的发出者,词性主要为名词与代词（1-３题）；动词不能直接用作主语,必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（４、５）.此外,形容词前加the,带连词的句子也可作主语. (2) 对谓语的判断 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman began r_________ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.” Key: came asked answered ringing turned said say isn’t 分析：语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词.谓语是句子所表示的动作,词性只能是动词,在句子中不能缺.当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时,还要判断他们之间的相互关系,对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上,才能作出正确的判断.多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断. (3) 对宾语的判断 1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. The front is in great need of medical _____ .( work ) 3. Thank you for your _______. ( kind ) 4. At last he sold his ______. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention 分析：宾语是动作的承受者,分动词宾语与介词宾语两种.宾语的词性同主语的词性一样,代词作宾语时必须用其宾格. (4) 对表语的判断 1. It is ______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting ______. ( ill ) 3. Patrick is going to be a(n) ______ when he grows up.(engine) 4. Such cold weather is quite _____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ） 5. It’s a ______ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分.词性主要为形容词,名词, 介词短语.动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式. (5) 对定语的判断 1. The _______ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2. On a _____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3. This is an _____book. (interest) 4. The French artist said, “ it is my _____ time to visit Shanghai . I love this city so much. ( one ) 5. The book _____ by Luxun is very famous. ( write ) 6. It’s a _____ day ,is’t it ? ( sun) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) interesting (4) first (5) written (6) sunny 分析:：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分.词性以形容词,序数词,介词短语为主.名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途.如：stamp show / physics teacher. 动词必须变形为：to do, doing 或done 的形式. (6) 对状语的判断 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so ______ (easy) 2. Watch ______ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed ______ at last. ( safe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 状语：说明动作发生的时间,地点,原因,方式,目的,结果,条件,伴随情况的成分. 词性以副词为主,也可以是介词短语,动词必须变形为to do, doing 或done . (7) 对连词的判断 在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both… and 连接并列的词, 词组和句子; 从属连词连接主句与从句. 台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后,多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空”,提高对句子成分的判断能力.熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步 台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力,或称为“猜谜”的能力 Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1. ________ are helpful to students. 2. ________ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. ________ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. ________ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy. 分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地得出答案,1---4均为Teachers,全部解完后再思考,似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers.按判断主语的结论,凡名词,只要合乎逻辑,都可作为第一题的答案,你会发现Books也可,继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案,Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents…”.第二题受后一句knowledge的限制,答案要少一些：Teachers、Books,第三题限制更多,从“care for”判断主语只能是人,Teachers.第四题受healthy的限制,最好填Doctors / Nurses. 以上练习说明解完形填空需要如下技能：1,对所缺词的句子成分必须作出精确判断,然后填入正确的词性,即必须熟练掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系.2,必须训练自己扩散性思维能力,如同猜谜,因为词义的确定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出.3,良好的语法基本功.在确定完词性与词义后,单复数、时态的确定建立在良好的语法基本功之上. 台阶四：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段,即综合运用阶段 Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_______ the school soon. The s_______ in his class have given h______ a lot of p_______. Among t______ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m______ by the students themselves. Photos will h_____ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_________ when he was with his students. Next week, t________ will have a p_______ to s ______ goodbye to him. 分析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位老师..从old 可推断他不久要退休了,所以 “ l____” 应为谓语动词 leaving ; “s____” 是第三句的主语, 结合 have 判断为 students; “ h____’’ 是give 的宾语, 判断为him ; “ p_____” 的内容是 cards, note-books… , 所以判断为名词presents; “ t_____” 是介词among 的宾语, 应为them ; “ m____” 处于be done by 的结构中, 应为过去分词made; “h_____” 位于情态动词will 之后, 应为动词原形help; “t_____” 是remember 的宾语, 并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time “t_____” 是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they; “p____” 是have的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以是名词party “s_____” 前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say 台阶五：熟能生巧阶段.要做到举重若轻,必须在前四步的基础上作长期系统的训练,把上述知识演化为解题技能.
再问： 额。。。谢谢，但请问这几题答案是什么。。。
