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英语翻译
INTRODUCTION
Currently nearly all primary copper (copper produced from
mostly mineral ores) produced in the world is generated by
a series of pyrometallurgical processes.While these
processes vary somewhat at different facilities,the typical
process usually operates on a batch or semicontinuous basis
and employs three types of furnace [1]:
1.The smelting furnace,in which copper-iron sulfide concentrates
are heated to temperatures of 1200°-1300°C in the
presence of added silica flux and other added copper-bearing
materials.As the material melts,partial oxidation of the
iron sulfide in the concentrate results in the formation of a
molten silicate slag with a high 70%) FeO content and a
molten sulfide matte with a high (55-60%) percentage of
copper.Smelting is typically carried out in flash furnaces,
so named because the kinetics of the reaction of finely
ground concentrate and either oxygen enriched air (the
Outokumpu process) or pure oxygen (the Inco process) are
sufficiently rapid to minimize or eliminate the need for
combustion of added fuel for heat.
2.The converting furnace,in which the molten matte is
further reacted with air and added silica flux.This generates
a high-copper converter slag,which is returned to the
smelter and blister copper,so-named due to blisters that
form on its surface as impurity oxygen and sulfur react to
form SO2 bubbles during solidification.Nearly all copper
producers currently use the Peirce-Smith model of converter,
which is best known for the requirement of rocking during
operation in order to receive molten matte and scrap copper,engage in the blowing operation that introduces the
air,and again to tap molten slag and metal.Newer models
of converter have done away with the need for such movement
[2],but the Peirce-Smith is likely to be the most popular
model of converter for some time to come.
INTRODUCTION
Currently nearly all primary copper (copper produced from
mostly mineral ores) produced in the world is generated by
a series of pyrometallurgical processes.While these
processes vary somewhat at different facilities,the typical
process usually operates on a batch or semicontinuous basis
and employs three types of furnace [1]:
1.The smelting furnace,in which copper-iron sulfide concentrates
are heated to temperatures of 1200°-1300°C in the
presence of added silica flux and other added copper-bearing
materials.As the material melts,partial oxidation of the
iron sulfide in the concentrate results in the formation of a
molten silicate slag with a high 70%) FeO content and a
molten sulfide matte with a high (55-60%) percentage of
copper.Smelting is typically carried out in flash furnaces,
so named because the kinetics of the reaction of finely
ground concentrate and either oxygen enriched air (the
Outokumpu process) or pure oxygen (the Inco process) are
sufficiently rapid to minimize or eliminate the need for
combustion of added fuel for heat.
2.The converting furnace,in which the molten matte is
further reacted with air and added silica flux.This generates
a high-copper converter slag,which is returned to the
smelter and blister copper,so-named due to blisters that
form on its surface as impurity oxygen and sulfur react to
form SO2 bubbles during solidification.Nearly all copper
producers currently use the Peirce-Smith model of converter,
which is best known for the requirement of rocking during
operation in order to receive molten matte and scrap copper,engage in the blowing operation that introduces the
air,and again to tap molten slag and metal.Newer models
of converter have done away with the need for such movement
[2],but the Peirce-Smith is likely to be the most popular
model of converter for some time to come.
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