问题描述：
英语翻译
For millennia,selective breeding,on the basis of biparental
mating,has led to the successful improvement of plants and
animals to meet societal needs
1
.At a molecular level,DNA
shuffling mimics,yet accelerates,evolutionary processes,and
allows the breeding and improvement of individual genes and
subgenomic DNA fragments.We describe here whole-genome
shuffling; a process that combines the advantage ofmulti-parental
crossing allowed by DNA shuffling with the recombination of
entire genomes normally associated with conventional breeding.
We show that recursive genomic recombination within a popula-
tion of bacteria can efficiently generate combinatorial libraries of
new strains.When applied to a population of phenotypically
selected bacteria,many of these new strains show marked
improvements in the selected phenotype.We demonstrate the
use of this approach through the rapid improvement of tylosin
production from Streptomyces fradiae.This approach has the
potential to facilitate cell and metabolic engineering and provide
a non-recombinant alternative to the rapid production of
improved organisms.
Evolution is a continuous process of genetic variation and
phenotypic selection2
.Recombination within a selected population
amplifies the genetic diversity of the population by creating new
mutant combinations,and can thereby improve the performance of
individuals within the population.We are interested in the applica-
tion of recombination formats for the rapid improvement of
biological systems,and here describe its application to the improve-
ment of whole-microbial genomes.Although classical breeding
addresses entire genomes,it allows for recombination between
only two parents per generation.In contrast,DNA shuffling
addresses DNA fragments and allows for recombination between
multiple parents at each generation3
.The production of the result-
ing multi-parent ‘complex progeny’ is important for the marked
acceleration of directed evolution realized through DNA shuffling.
A practical combination of classical breeding and DNA shuffling
should thus provide a means rapidly to breed populations of
organisms to produce combinatorial libraries of complex progeny
For millennia,selective breeding,on the basis of biparental
mating,has led to the successful improvement of plants and
animals to meet societal needs
1
.At a molecular level,DNA
shuffling mimics,yet accelerates,evolutionary processes,and
allows the breeding and improvement of individual genes and
subgenomic DNA fragments.We describe here whole-genome
shuffling; a process that combines the advantage ofmulti-parental
crossing allowed by DNA shuffling with the recombination of
entire genomes normally associated with conventional breeding.
We show that recursive genomic recombination within a popula-
tion of bacteria can efficiently generate combinatorial libraries of
new strains.When applied to a population of phenotypically
selected bacteria,many of these new strains show marked
improvements in the selected phenotype.We demonstrate the
use of this approach through the rapid improvement of tylosin
production from Streptomyces fradiae.This approach has the
potential to facilitate cell and metabolic engineering and provide
a non-recombinant alternative to the rapid production of
improved organisms.
Evolution is a continuous process of genetic variation and
phenotypic selection2
.Recombination within a selected population
amplifies the genetic diversity of the population by creating new
mutant combinations,and can thereby improve the performance of
individuals within the population.We are interested in the applica-
tion of recombination formats for the rapid improvement of
biological systems,and here describe its application to the improve-
ment of whole-microbial genomes.Although classical breeding
addresses entire genomes,it allows for recombination between
only two parents per generation.In contrast,DNA shuffling
addresses DNA fragments and allows for recombination between
multiple parents at each generation3
.The production of the result-
ing multi-parent ‘complex progeny’ is important for the marked
acceleration of directed evolution realized through DNA shuffling.
A practical combination of classical breeding and DNA shuffling
should thus provide a means rapidly to breed populations of
organisms to produce combinatorial libraries of complex progeny
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