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英语翻译
Energy Conversion
The internal combustion diesel engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy and then convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy .This is achieved by combing the appropriate amounts of air and fuel and burning them in an enclosed cylinder at a controlled rate .A movable piston in the cylinder is forced down by the expanding gases of combustion .
The movable piston in the cylinder is connected to the top of a connecting rod .The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the offset portion of a crankshaft .As the piston is forced down,this force is transferred to the crankshaft ,causing the crankshaft to rotate .The reciprocating(back and forth or up and down)movement of the piston is converted to rotary (turning ) motion of the crankshaft ,which supplies the power to drive the vehicle .
In general an average air-fuel ratio for good combustion is about 15 parts of air to 1 part of fuel by weight .However ,the diesel engine always takes in a full charge of air (since there is no throttle plate in most systems ) ,but only a small part of this air is used at low or idle engine speeds .Air consists of about 20 percent oxygen while the remaining 80 percent is mostly nitrogen .This means that ,for every gallon of fuel burned ,the oxygen in 9,000 to 10,000gallons of air is required .
Energy Conversion
The internal combustion diesel engine is a device used to convert the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy and then convert this heat energy into usable mechanical energy .This is achieved by combing the appropriate amounts of air and fuel and burning them in an enclosed cylinder at a controlled rate .A movable piston in the cylinder is forced down by the expanding gases of combustion .
The movable piston in the cylinder is connected to the top of a connecting rod .The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the offset portion of a crankshaft .As the piston is forced down,this force is transferred to the crankshaft ,causing the crankshaft to rotate .The reciprocating(back and forth or up and down)movement of the piston is converted to rotary (turning ) motion of the crankshaft ,which supplies the power to drive the vehicle .
In general an average air-fuel ratio for good combustion is about 15 parts of air to 1 part of fuel by weight .However ,the diesel engine always takes in a full charge of air (since there is no throttle plate in most systems ) ,but only a small part of this air is used at low or idle engine speeds .Air consists of about 20 percent oxygen while the remaining 80 percent is mostly nitrogen .This means that ,for every gallon of fuel burned ,the oxygen in 9,000 to 10,000gallons of air is required .
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