英语翻译国际贸易具有促进一国增长、增加就业和提高收入水平的重要作用,我们称之为贸易的利益或动态利益,已为理论研究和经济生

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英语翻译
国际贸易具有促进一国增长、增加就业和提高收入水平的重要作用,我们称之为贸易的利益或动态利益,已为理论研究和经济生活实际所证明.但贸易促进经济发展的现实机制是什么?贸易通过什么途径和方式带动经济发展?目前介绍的关于国际贸易发展利益的各种观点中虽都有所涉及,但都不够全面,不够系统.下面试作些归纳性分析.
概括说来,国际贸易促进一国经济发展,是通过下述这些机制的作用而实现的.
1.开展国际贸易,必然使市场竞争机制充分发挥作用,从而刺激素质的提高,增强企业的国际竞争力.一国对外开放,参与国际贸易,实际上就是把本国的企业纳入与外国企业的竞争之中.一方面,持续的进口产品的激烈竞争将促使本国的企业提高效率.竞争必然加速低效率的企业退出市场的过程,同时促使高效率的企业达到合理的规模,从而优化本国的市场结构,改善本国企业的实绩.即使本国企业在本国市场上处于垄断地位,仍然不得不面对国际竞争的压力,为了自身的生存而努力降低成本,提高竞争力.另一方面,出口企业不能不同外国生产同类商品的企业展开竞争.为了扩大在国外的市场份额,出口企业就必须坚持不懈地努力生产出成本低、质量好的商品去参与竞争,并不断按国际市场需求结构的变化调整自己的产品结构,按国际标准生产,按国际营销惯例办事.这无疑会刺激企业素质的提高.企业经济效率的不断提高和国际竞争力的不断增强,无疑是一国经济发展最本质的基础.
2.开展国际贸易,必然带来市场的扩大.国内外市场的不断开拓,无疑会有力地带动经济增长.先看出口.出口企业往往是面对世界市场来组织生产,市场容量大,容易获得规模经济效应.所谓规模经济,是指随着产品数量的增加,单位产品的成本会降低,从而提高经济效益.事实上,许多部门要求有适度的初始规模,具有规模经济的性质,如汽车、电冰箱、机等等,采用大规模生产的方式可以使成本降低很多.如果一国的企业在为国内消费者提供这一类商品的同时,还能在国际市场上销售同类产品,那就不仅企业能提高赢利水平,而且国内公众也只需支付较低的价格.不仅如此,在出口贸易的带动下,一个工业部门的发展又可以带动一系列工业部门的发展,以致各种各样的从属的工业部门都建立起来.因为在经济运行中,各产业之间呈现出各种联系.所谓“联系”,是指一个部门在投入和产出上与其他部门之间的联系.这种联系有两个方面:一是后向联系,即某个部门同向它提供投入的部门之间的联系;二是前向联系,即某个部门同吸收它的产出的部门之间的联系.如果出口产业是“联系效应”大的主导产业,就可取得很大的“乘数效果”,带动其他一系列部门的发展,从而循环反复地连续推动国民收入和就业量的增加,推动经济的持续发展.
再看进口.从国外引进国内没有生产的产品,往往能起到开拓国内市场,引导新产业成长的作用.由于国内仍未生产,一时无法确定新产品会有多大的市场,即在一定的价格条件下社会需求量究竟是多少.当国内进口需求很大,以致即使高关税壁垒也难以阻挡进口时,国内企业就得到了明确的生产信号,进口替代的工业由此发展起来.实践证明,进口替代是许多国家,尤其是发展家走向工业化的第一步.这个过程就是进口商品刺激国内需求,进而导致进口替代工业部门的产生.如果条件具备,进口替代部门还能转变为出口部门.进口国外的新产品还可促进一国产品的不断更新换代.
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-11-02

问题解答:

我来补答
International trade has promote growth, increasing employment and raise their income levels, we call it the important role of interest or dynamic trade interests, and has theoretical research and economic life for actual proof. But trade promoting economic development reality mechanism is what? Trade through what ways and the way promoting economic development? At present introduces about international trade development interests of various viewpoints though is involved, but all is not comprehensive, not enough system. Next interview make some inductive sex analysis.
The summary mentions, international trade promote economic development through undermentioned these mechanism, is the role and the realization.
1. Development international trade, inevitable make market competition mechanism fully play their part, thus stimulating quality improvement, the enhancement enterprise's international competitiveness. One country opening to the outside world, participate in international trade, is actually the country into the enterprise with foreign enterprise competition among. On the one hand, continued import product competition will prompt domestic enterprises to improve efficiency. Low efficiency of accelerated competitive inevitable enterprise exit the market process, while making efficient enterprise achieve rational scale and to optimize the market structure, improve their achievements of enterprise. Even if domestic enterprise in domestic markets dominated, still had to face the stress of international competition for its survival, and strive to reduce costs and increase the competitive power. On the other hand, the export enterprise cannot different foreign production of similar products of the enterprise to compete. In order to expand the market share in foreign countries, export enterprise must unremitting effort to produce lower cost and good quality products to participate in the competition, and constantly according to international market demand structure changes to adjust their product structure, according to international standard production, according to international marketing practices eps. This no doubt will stimulate enterprise quality improvement. The enterprise economic efficiency of the continuous improvement of the growing international competitiveness, is undoubtedly a key economic development the most essential foundation.
2. Develop international trade, and must lead the expansion of the market. Expanding of the domestic and international market, will undoubtedly effectively promoting economic growth. See first exports. Export enterprise are often facing the world market to organize production, market capacity, easy to gain economies of scale effect. The so-called scale economy, it is to point to as the increase of the number of product, the unit will reduce the cost of the product, so as to improve the economic benefits. In fact, many department requests have moderate initial scale, have the scale economic properties, such as cars, refrigerators, machine etc, use large-scale production way can make lower cost a lot. If a country for domestic consumers in the enterprise provide this kind of products at the same time, still can sell in the international market, then similar products not only enterprise can improve profit level, and domestic public also just pay lower prices. Not only such, driving in export trade, an industrial department development and can promote the development of a series of industrial sector, so that all sorts of affiliate industrial departments are established. Because of the economic operation, the industry shows various relationships between. The so-called "contact" refers to a department in input and output on the link between with other departments. This link has two aspects: one is to contact after, that is some departments provide input coincidental it the contact between departments; 2 it is prior to contact, namely a department with the department of absorbing it the connection between the output. If the export sector is "linkage effect" big dominant industry, can achieve great "multiplier effect", leading to the development of a series of other departments, thus circulation repeatedly continuous impels the national income and employment increase, promote sustained economic development.
Again see imports. Imported from abroad no domestic production of products, often can have open up the domestic market, guide the new industry growth role. As the country is still not production, temporarily unable to determine how much new products will be the market, that is, in a certain price condition social demand is just how much. When domestic demand for imports is very big, so that even high tariff barriers would be difficult to stop when imported, domestic enterprises will get a clear production, import substitution industry signal which developed. Practice has proved, import substitution is home to many countries, especially developing the first step towards industrialization. This process is imported goods and lead to stimulate domestic demand, import substitution departments of industry produce. If conditions, import substitution department also can change for export department. Import foreign new products can also promote product unceasing renewal.
再问: 这篇文章还有一半在另一个问题里,麻烦也帮翻译一下吧!!!!
再答: This article and half in another problem
再问: 不是不是,我不是要翻译这句话,我是说这个文章还有一半要翻译,因为这边有字数限制,所以就分成了两个问题。哎啊,但是,作业已经交上去了。我随便翻译了一下。真的是谢谢你的翻译,帮我的文章成撑场面。希望不是翻译器翻的,我们老师是个老外,估计看不懂。
 
 
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