什么是,动词、be动词、动词ing、连系动词、助动词,用法?

问题描述:

什么是,动词、be动词、动词ing、连系动词、助动词,用法?
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-11-20

问题解答:

我来补答
一、什么是动词
动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,例如:
The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快.)runs表示主语的行为
He is a boy.(他是个男孩.)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态
二、be是一个多功能动词,在英语里常见四种用法:
1、be为连系动词,中心词义是"是",句型为"主+系+表"结构.be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式);was, were(过去式);will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词+原形);have/has/had been(助动词+过去分词)等.如:
  To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)
  The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)
  It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)
  She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)
2、助动词be
  助动词be,无词义,辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词.用法如下:
  1). be+doing:构成进行时态,有现在和过去两种进行时态.如:
  The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
  Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.
  2). be+done:构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者,done必须是及物动词).如:
  Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)
  This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)
  Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)
  How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)
  That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)
  3). be+going to do,表示"打算或将要做某事",be有现在和过去两种形式.如:
  We are going to plant trees in the park.
  I didn't know if she was going to come here.
  4) be+to do,表示"按计划安排将要做某事".如:
  The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.
  One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.
 3、there be
  there be句式为:there be+主语部分+状语部分,表示"某处存在某物",be常用现在时,过去时和将来时等.如:
  Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya.
  There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.
  Will there be a football match in your school next week?
4、实义be
  可以将be视为实义动词,因为它具有实际的词义,如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等.如:
  His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.
  Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.
  Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.
三、动词ing、
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成.它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称.
动名词作主语、宾语和表语
1)作主语.例如:
Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了.
2)作宾语 
Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗?
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运. 
3)作表语,对主语说明、解释.例如:
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子.
4)作定语,一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途.例如:
a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台
a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池
分词作定语
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
There is nothing interesting.  没有有趣的东西
分词作状语
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
由于没有收到他的信,我给他打了个电话.
连词+分词(短语)
While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
分词作补语
通常在感官动词和使役动词之后.例如:
I found my car missing. 我发现我的车不见了.
分词作表语
表示主语的状态等.例如:
She looked tired with cooking. 她由于忙着做饭,看上去有些疲倦.
He remained standing beside the table. 他依然站在桌旁.
四、连系动词
是一个表示谓语关系的动词,它后面必须接表语(通常为名词或形容词).
Be是最基本的连系动词.如:
My idea is to go there right away.
He is a basketball player.
常用的连系动词还有appear, become, get, look, remain,seem等.如:
The leaves become yellow when it is autumn.
His face got red when he heard the news.
表知觉和感觉的动词也可以是连系动词,有feel, taste, smell, sound等.如:
The dish smells good.
His story sounds interesting.
有些可以和形容词连用的动词也属于连系动词,如blow open(吹开), blush red(脸发红), break loose(挣脱出来), grow worse(变得更坏),fall ill(生病), prove wrong(证明错了), stand quiet(静立), turn pale(脸发白)等.
五、助动词
1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb).被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb).
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
   He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语.
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
  a. 表示时态,例如:
   He is singing. 他在唱歌.
   He has got married. 他已结婚.
  b. 表示语态,例如:
   He was sent to England. 他被派往英国.
  c. 构成疑问句,例如:
   Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
   Did you study English before you came here?  你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
  d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
   I don't like him.  我不喜欢他.
  e. 加强语气,例如:
   Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
   He did know that.  他的确知道那件事.
3) 最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
 
 
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