问题描述：
英语翻译
since the first publications of the periodic law,both by dimitri mendeleev and lothar meyer in the 1870s,there have been a large number of forms proposed for the periodic table.
the version easiest to use and most closely related to the electronic structures of the atoms is so-called long-form in table 1.
the elements fall into 18 vertical columns that define the chemical families,or
groups.the members of each group have valence-electron configurations that are the same,except for principal numbers.the only exceptions to this rule involve nearby and electrons.
while chemical similarties are most often strongest among elements in same column,there is some resemblance between elements that are not in the same column but which do have the same number of valence electrons.
r example,members of the scandium group have the configuration(n-1)d1ns2 and are in some respects similar to the elements below boron,which have the configurations ns2np1.
consequently the elements under scandium in the third column are said to be members of group iiib ,while the boron family is labeled group iiia.
other groups in the perodic table are related and labeled in asimilar manner.
the elements in the three columns designated group viii resemble each other in many respects and separate the a subgroups from the b subgroups in periodic table.
since the first publications of the periodic law,both by dimitri mendeleev and lothar meyer in the 1870s,there have been a large number of forms proposed for the periodic table.
the version easiest to use and most closely related to the electronic structures of the atoms is so-called long-form in table 1.
the elements fall into 18 vertical columns that define the chemical families,or
groups.the members of each group have valence-electron configurations that are the same,except for principal numbers.the only exceptions to this rule involve nearby and electrons.
while chemical similarties are most often strongest among elements in same column,there is some resemblance between elements that are not in the same column but which do have the same number of valence electrons.
r example,members of the scandium group have the configuration(n-1)d1ns2 and are in some respects similar to the elements below boron,which have the configurations ns2np1.
consequently the elements under scandium in the third column are said to be members of group iiib ,while the boron family is labeled group iiia.
other groups in the perodic table are related and labeled in asimilar manner.
the elements in the three columns designated group viii resemble each other in many respects and separate the a subgroups from the b subgroups in periodic table.
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