动词主动表被动的情况有哪些情况,那些词,

问题描述:

动词主动表被动的情况
有哪些情况,那些词,
1个回答 分类:英语 2014-10-02

问题解答:

我来补答
主动形式表被动意义

1. 动词bear(适宜于), deserve(应受到), need(需要), require(需要), stand(忍受), want(需要)等后面接动名词时,该动名词通常用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
His sufferings don't bear thinking about. 他受的苦难简直不堪回首.
The desk needs repairing. 课桌需要修理.
The flowers want watering. 花需要浇水.
The man deserves punishing. 他这个人是罪有应得.
注:其中有的动词也可直接跟不定式的被动式.如:
The man deserves to be punished.
The desk needs to be repaired.
The flowers want to be watered.
2. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
I have a lot of work to do now. 我有很多事要做.
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么.
I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读.
注意:如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字).(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字).(指请人打字)
3. 形容词cheap, comfortable, dangerous, difficult, easy, exciting, expensive, fit, good, funny, heavy, important, interesting, nice等接不定式做状语时,不定式的主动形式表被动意义.如:
This wine is pleasant to drink. 这种葡萄酒很好喝.
A bicycle is cheap to run. 使用自行车是很经济的.
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答.
4. 形容词worth后接动名词时,该动名词要用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读.
There's never anything worth watching on TV. 电视上从来没有值得看的节目.
5. 在too…to do 结构中,不定式的主动形式表被动意义.如:
The text is too difficult to understand. 这篇课文难以理解.
6. 表示感觉或变化的feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn, prove, get等系动词的主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The dish smells nice. 这道菜气味好闻.
His words prove true. 他的话证明是真的.
7. 由及物动词转类而来的不及物动词catch, close, lock, open, read, sell, wash, wear, write的主动形式表示被动意义,而且它们的状语一般是表示效果或程度的副词,如:well, easily, smoothly.如:
The cloth washes easily. 这种布容易洗.
The pen writes fluently. 这支笔写起来流利.
8. 动词let, blame的不定式做表语时,它的主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The house is to let. 这座房子出租.
He can’t be to blame. 他不能受责备.
9. There be结构中的不定式做定语时,主动形式表被动意义.如:
In the past, there were too many people to feed. 在过去需要养起来的人太多了.
There are many clothes to wash today. 今天要洗的衣服太多了.
10. 某些动词(如build, burn, cook, print, make等)的进行时,可用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The house is building. 房子正在建.
The book is printing. 书正在印刷.

关于主动形式表示被动意义

1. 连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式.如:
The building looks very beautiful. 这座建筑看上去很美.
Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的.
2. 当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上.
The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快.
3. 有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义.如:
Her coat caught on the nail. 她的大衣被钉子钩住了.
Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪.
4. 不定式to blame, to let 用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动.如:
Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢?
The house is to let. 此屋出租.
5. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂.
The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听.
The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的.
注:这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动.这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等.
6. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗.
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么.
注:若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:
I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字).(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字).(指请人打字)
7. 在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式).如:
The writing is too faint to read. 这笔迹太模糊,看不清.
These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢,不能用作站台.
be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动.如:
This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看.
She’s not worth getting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气.
注:与worth相似的worthy却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of),且要用被动式表示被动含义:
This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读.
9. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义.如:
The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了.
These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看.
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了.
注:该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动.如:
The house needs to be cleaned. 房子需要打扫了.
These children require to be looked after. 这些孩子需要照看.
 
 
展开全文阅读
剩余:2000